{"id":29,"date":"2023-09-11T11:26:11","date_gmt":"2023-09-11T09:26:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/belgrade\/?page_id=29"},"modified":"2023-09-18T11:09:35","modified_gmt":"2023-09-18T09:09:35","slug":"poljski-jezik","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/belgrade\/poljski-jezik\/","title":{"rendered":"Poljski jezik"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Poljski jezik je drugi najve\u0107i slovenski jezik na svetu po brojnosti govornika. Aktivno ga govori oko 50 miliona ljudi, a jo\u0161 najmanje 10 miliona poseduje pasivno znanje poljskog. Samim tim, poljski jezik je najve\u0107i slovenski jezik u Evropskoj uniji i peti njen etni\u010dki jezik (<em>ex aequo<\/em> sa kastiljskim \u0161panskim, a posle nema\u010dkog, engleskog, francuskog i italijanskog).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Poljski spada u grupu indoevropskih i podgrupu zapadnoslovenskih jezika (uz \u010de\u0161ki, slova\u010dki, ka\u0161upski, donjolu\u017ei\u010dki, gornjolu\u017ei\u010dki i \u2013 izumrli \u2013 polapski).<\/p>\n<p>Procenjuje se da prose\u010dni Poljak aktivno zna oko 30 hiljada re\u010di, a pasivno \u2013 razume oko 100 hiljada, ali ih ne koristi. Pojedini univerzitetski polonisti smatraju da je za osnovnu komunikaciju na poljskom dovoljno znati 1200 najfrekventnijih re\u010di.<\/p>\n<p>Poljska abeceda zasnovana je na latinskom alfabetu i sastoji se od 32 slova. Od njih se deset bele\u017ei uz pomo\u0107 dijakriti\u010dkih znakova (\u0105, \u0107, \u0119, \u0142, \u0144, \u00f3, \u015b, \u017a, \u017c). U pisanju se javlja jo\u0161 sedam digrama (sz, rz, cz, ch, dz, d\u017c, d\u017a), kao i jedan trostruki znak (dzi).<\/p>\n<p>U poljskom postoje deklinacije. Po sedam pade\u017ea menjaju se imenice, pridevi, participi, imeni\u010dke, pridevske i brojne zamenice, i brojevi. Glagoli se pak konjugiraju po licima, vremenima, na\u010dinima, stanjima i brojevima, kao i po aspektima.<\/p>\n<p>Najstarija re\u010denica na poljskom glasi: \u201eDay, ut ia pobrusa, a ti poziwai\u201d (\u201eDaj, a\u0107 ja pobrucz\u0119, a ty poczywaj\u201d) i zapisana je na latinskom jeziku 1270. godine, u Vroclavu (u Henrikovskoj knjizi, koja je uvr\u0161tena na Uneskovu listu Se\u0107anja sveta). Na saboru u Len\u010dici 1285. godine odlu\u010deno je da \u0107e se poljski jezik govoriti u manastirskim \u0161kolama i bogoslovijama.<\/p>\n<p>Na poljski jezik uticali su latinski, gr\u010dki, nema\u010dki, \u010de\u0161ki, staroruski, turski, francuski, italijanski, ruski, ma\u0111arski i jidi\u0161. Danas na njega najve\u0107i uticaj ima <em>lingua franca<\/em> na\u0161eg doba \u2013 engleski jezik.<\/p>\n<p>Glavni dijalekti poljskog su: velikopoljski, malopoljski, \u0161leski, mazovjecki, helminjsko-ko\u0107evsko-varminjski, a tu su i dijalekti severnih i ju\u017enih pograni\u010dnih oblasti Poljske.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u0161e:<\/p>\n<p>Multimedia Guide to Polish Language:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/multimediaguides.culture.pl\/multimediaguides\/alphabet\/the-polish-alphabet\/0\">http:\/\/multimediaguides.culture.pl\/multimediaguides\/alphabet\/the-polish-alphabet\/0<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Poland.pl:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/poland.pl\/social-issues\/social\/polish-language-simple-language\/\">https:\/\/poland.pl\/social-issues\/social\/polish-language-simple-language\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Informacije na interaktivnoj mapi Poljske o tome gde se u svetu mo\u017ee u\u010diti poljskih jezik, kao i o poljskim bibliotekama izvan Poljske:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/polski.msz.gov.pl\/\">https:\/\/polski.msz.gov.pl\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Popularizacija poljskog jezika u inostranstvu:\u00a0https:\/\/nawa.gov.pl\/jezyk-polski<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Poljski jezik je drugi najve\u0107i slovenski jezik na svetu po brojnosti govornika. Aktivno ga govori oko 50 miliona ljudi, a jo\u0161 najmanje 10 miliona poseduje pasivno znanje poljskog. Samim tim, poljski jezik je najve\u0107i slovenski jezik u Evropskoj uniji i peti njen etni\u010dki jezik (ex aequo sa kastiljskim \u0161panskim, a posle nema\u010dkog, engleskog, francuskog i [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":178,"featured_media":96,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-29","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Poljski jezik - Instytut Polski w Belgradzie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/belgrade\/poljski-jezik\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Poljski jezik - Instytut Polski w Belgradzie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Poljski jezik je drugi najve\u0107i slovenski jezik na svetu po brojnosti govornika. Aktivno ga govori oko 50 miliona ljudi, a jo\u0161 najmanje 10 miliona poseduje pasivno znanje poljskog. 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