{"id":610,"date":"2019-06-27T12:21:59","date_gmt":"2019-06-27T10:21:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bratyslawa\/?page_id=610"},"modified":"2022-09-28T15:18:04","modified_gmt":"2022-09-28T13:18:04","slug":"polstina","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bratislava\/polstina\/","title":{"rendered":"Po\u013e\u0161tina"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Po\u013e\u0161tina <\/strong>sa medzi slovansk\u00fdmi jazykmi rad\u00ed na druh\u00e9 miesto z h\u013eadiska po\u010dtu pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov: akt\u00edvne ju pou\u017e\u00edva pribli\u017ene 50 mili\u00f3nov \u013eud\u00ed a najmenej 10 mili\u00f3nov \u013eud\u00ed deklaruje jej pas\u00edvnu znalos\u0165. Po\u013e\u0161tina je preto najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm slovansk\u00fdm jazykom v Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanii a jej piatym najpo\u010detnej\u0161\u00edm etnick\u00fdm jazykom (po nem\u010dine, angli\u010dtine, franc\u00faz\u0161tine a talian\u010dine je na rovnakej \u00farovni ako \u0161paniel\u010dina).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po\u013e\u0161tina patr\u00ed do indoeur\u00f3pskej jazykovej skupiny a do podskupiny z\u00e1padoslovansk\u00fdch jazykov (spolu so sloven\u010dinou, \u010de\u0161tinou, ka\u0161ub\u010dinou, dolnou a hornou lu\u017eickou srb\u010dinou a zaniknutou polab\u010dinou).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Odhaduje sa, \u017ee priemern\u00fd Poliak m\u00e1 akt\u00edvnu znalos\u0165 pribli\u017ene 30 000 slov a pas\u00edvnu znalos\u0165 pribli\u017ene 100 000 slov, ktor\u00e9 nepou\u017e\u00edva. Pod\u013ea tvrdenia niektor\u00fdch polonistov a vedcov sta\u010d\u00ed na to, aby ste mohli pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 po\u013e\u0161tinu, pozna\u0165 1 200 najpou\u017e\u00edvanej\u0161\u00edch slov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po\u013e\u0161tina pou\u017e\u00edva latinku a jej abeceda pozost\u00e1va z 32 p\u00edsmen. Existuje dev\u00e4\u0165 p\u00edsmen tvoren\u00fdch diakritick\u00fdmi znamienkami (\u0105, \u0107, \u0119, \u0142, \u0144, \u00f3, \u015b, \u017a, \u017c). Existuje aj sedem dvojznakov (sz, rz, ch, sz, d\u017c, d\u017a) a jeden trojznak (dzi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po\u013e\u0161tina je ohybn\u00fd jazyk, a teda pou\u017e\u00edva sklo\u0148ovanie (7 p\u00e1dov) aj \u010dasovanie, pri\u010dom u slovies rozli\u0161ujeme aj vid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Najstar\u0161ia po\u013esk\u00e1 veta: &#8222;Day, ut ia pobrusa, a ti poziwai&#8221; (&#8222;Daj, nech pomeliem [m\u00faku] a ty oddychuj&#8221;) bola zaznamenan\u00e1 v roku 1270 v p\u00edsomnej pamiatke zn\u00e1mej ako Henrikovsk\u00e1 kniha (Ksi\u0119ga henrykowska) &#8211; veta sa nach\u00e1dza uprostred latinsk\u00e9ho textu a zauj\u00edmavos\u0165ou je, \u017ee ju \u00fadajne povedal \u010cech Bohuchval svojej po\u013eskej man\u017eelke. V roku 1285 sa na sneme v \u0141\u0119czyciach rozhodlo, \u017ee v kl\u00e1\u0161torn\u00fdch a katedr\u00e1lnych \u0161kol\u00e1ch sa bude popri latin\u010dine pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 aj po\u013e\u0161tina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po\u010das svojho v\u00fdvoja bola po\u013e\u0161tina ovplyvnen\u00e1 latin\u010dinou, gr\u00e9\u010dtinou, nem\u010dinou, \u010de\u0161tinou, starobieloru\u0161tinou, ture\u010dtinou, franc\u00faz\u0161tinou, talian\u010dinou, ru\u0161tinou, ma\u010far\u010dinou a jazykom jidi\u0161. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti ju najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161mi ovplyv\u0148uje lingua franca na\u0161ej doby &#8211; angli\u010dtina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hlavn\u00e9 n\u00e1re\u010dia po\u013esk\u00e9ho jazyka s\u00fa: ve\u013ekopo\u013esk\u00e9, malopo\u013esk\u00e9, sliezske, mazovsk\u00e9 a n\u00e1re\u010dia severn\u00fdch a ju\u017en\u00fdch Kresov (b\u00fdval\u00e9 v\u00fdchodn\u00e9 pohrani\u010die Po\u013eska).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Po\u013e\u0161tina sa medzi slovansk\u00fdmi jazykmi rad\u00ed na druh\u00e9 miesto z h\u013eadiska po\u010dtu pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov: akt\u00edvne ju pou\u017e\u00edva pribli\u017ene 50 mili\u00f3nov \u013eud\u00ed a najmenej 10 mili\u00f3nov \u013eud\u00ed deklaruje jej pas\u00edvnu znalos\u0165. Po\u013e\u0161tina je preto najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm slovansk\u00fdm jazykom v Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanii a jej piatym najpo\u010detnej\u0161\u00edm etnick\u00fdm jazykom (po nem\u010dine, angli\u010dtine, franc\u00faz\u0161tine a talian\u010dine je na rovnakej \u00farovni ako [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":611,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-610","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Po\u013e\u0161tina - Instytut Polski w Bratys\u0142awie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bratislava\/polstina\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Po\u013e\u0161tina - Instytut Polski w Bratys\u0142awie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Po\u013e\u0161tina sa medzi slovansk\u00fdmi jazykmi rad\u00ed na druh\u00e9 miesto z h\u013eadiska po\u010dtu pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov: akt\u00edvne ju pou\u017e\u00edva pribli\u017ene 50 mili\u00f3nov \u013eud\u00ed a najmenej 10 mili\u00f3nov \u013eud\u00ed deklaruje jej pas\u00edvnu znalos\u0165. 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