{"id":3708,"date":"2016-01-01T23:20:12","date_gmt":"2016-01-01T22:20:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/?p=3708"},"modified":"2020-05-11T23:34:00","modified_gmt":"2020-05-11T21:34:00","slug":"50th-anniversary-of-the-death-of-stanislaw-jerzy-lec","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/en\/2016\/01\/01\/50th-anniversary-of-the-death-of-stanislaw-jerzy-lec\/","title":{"rendered":"50th anniversary of the death of Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy Lec"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The great Polish aphorist\u00a0Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy LEC<\/strong>\u00a0left us 50 years ago. In order to commemorate the anniversary of his passing, we asked a great specialist of Lec, prof. em.\u00a0Leonard NEUGER<\/strong>\u00a0(Stockholm University), to write a short piece on the life and works of the writer with a turbulent destiny.
>>> read\u00a0Leonard Neuger’s text<\/a>

What\u2019s more,\u00a0every week, we\u2019ll publish an aphorism by LEC<\/strong>\u00a0on this page. Don\u2019t miss it!<\/p>\n

If the art of conversation was more elevated here
the birth rate would be lower.<\/h3>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy Lec.
In a changing, unstable and uncertain world\u00a0<\/h2>\n

by prof. em.\u00a0Leonard NEUGER<\/strong>\u00a0(Stockholm University)<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/issuu.com\/polishculturebrussels\/docs\/lec__neuger__-_en\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n

Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy Lec was born on 6 March 1909 in Lviv. He died on 7 May 1966 in Warsaw. He was born in the Austro-Hungarian empire, in the capital of a creation which was strange to say the least \u2013 the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria \u2013 which in those days was known as Lemberg. In 1918, at the end of the First World War, Lemberg was returned to Poland and was given back its Polish name of Lw\u00f3w. In 1939, the city was occupied by the Soviet Union and its name was changed to Lvov. Today, the city is located in Ukraine and is called Lviv. Lec died in the Polish People\u2019s Republic, in the capital which was called, and is still called, Warsaw. During the occupation by the Third Reich, the city was nevertheless called Warschau \u2013 Lec stayed there for a time. These changes of names, of countries and of political systems are enough to make you feel dizzy, and yet they\u2019re simplified here. And we shouldn\u2019t forget the creation of the state of Israel in 1948… Perhaps it\u2019s wiser simply to say this: Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy Lec was born and died in a changing, unstable and uncertain world. Hidden behind these words are extreme cruelty, genocide and terror. They form the framework of Lec\u2019s life and those of his contemporaries. The generation of Czes\u0142aw Mi\u0142osz.<\/p>\n

Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy\u2019s mother was called Adela Safir, and his father\u2019s name was Benon de Tusch-Letz. Lec\u2019s Jewish ancestors hailed from Spain and arrived in Poland via the Netherlands and Germany. In the 19th century, the family received from the emperor the title of baron for services to the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. If we were to start writing the introduction of this text afresh, we would write \u2018Baron Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy de Tusch-Letz was born…\u2019etc. During the First World War, the Lec family sought refuge in Vienna; once they had returned to Lw\u00f3w, Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy studied at the Evangelische Oberschule before going on to the Kamerling Gymnasium. The language spoken at home was Polish and surely German; at school he spoke German; his milieu was Jewish, Polish and Austrian; his cultural circle \u2013 certainly Catholic, Protestant, Jewish and secular.\u00a0<\/a>In 1927, he began to study Polish literature and language before studies in law at the famous (Polish) University of Lw\u00f3w. He completed his studies in 1933, just as Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany.<\/p>\n

Lec\u2019s work was first published in a literary magazine in 1929. He then made an important decision: he renounced his aristocratic title. Baron de Tusch disappeared forever from his signature. His first verses still bear the German version of his name \u2013 Letz. His first books came out in 1933, when he published two tomes of his satirical poems under the Polish spelling of his name \u2013 Lec. From then on, he always signed his work using this name, sometimes even reducing his first name to its initials: St. L. But Lec would also talk about the hidden meanings behind his surname. LEC read back to front means the TARGET in Polish (cel<\/em>); in Hebrew \u2013 the CLOWN; in German \u2013 the LAST (Letzt). And if we add to this the fact that his mother\u2019s maiden name, Safrin, means WRITER in Hebrew, a multilingual, Polish-German-Hebrew destiny is what escapes from this chaos of epoques, this hotch-potch of names and borders: Lec was meant to be a writer, a satirist (a humourist), a target\/victim and the last survivor.<\/p>\n

As with many of his generation, Lec had been linked to the communist left before the war, although he never belonged to any party. In 1939, Poland\u2019s eastern territories, including Lw\u00f3w, were seized by the Soviet Union (which incorporated them) under the terms of the Ribbentrop-Molotov pact. Lec wrote for the\u00a0Czerwony Sztandar<\/em>, a communist newspaper then published in Polish, even writing a poem in Stalin\u2019s honour. He was a witness to fear: he experienced the arrests of the left-wing literary elite (W\u0142adys\u0142aw Broniewski, Aleksander Wat, Tadeusz Peiper), the provocations and deporations or, quite simply, sudden disappearances. A period of terror had set in.<\/p>\n

In 1941, The Germans took back Lvov. As a Jew, Lec was placed in the labour camp at Tarnopol. He escaped certain death by literally escaping from the grave which he had dug himself. This fortunate incident saved his life, followed later by his perfect knowledge of German. He reached Warsaw (Warschau) and joined the authorities of the communist resistance. His Semitic appearance meant it was impossible to hide him in the city. He was sent to the detachments of fighters in the region of Lublin \u2013 anti-Semites, we might add (Lec wrote about this) \u2013 alongside whom he fought until the end of the war.<\/p>\n

After the war, in 1949, Lec became a press attach\u00e9 for the Mission of the Polish Republic in Vienna, in the occupied Soviet zone. It\u2019s hard to think of a better candidate for this post, with his excellent knowledge of German, ties to the city (dating back to childhood) a good education, excellent manners, a commitment to left-wing activism since before the war broke out and a good reputation as a poet and satirist, enhanced by the fact that, at the time, (1946\u20131950) he was in the process of editing four poetical and satirical tomes. It\u2019s wise, however, to take a closer look at this. A power struggle was underway in the communist camp and Lec\u2019s intellectual training as a poet and his writing style were rejected in favour of blind obedience and socialist realism. The poetical and satirical pamphlets which he published at that time met with severe criticism. As for the rest, one should note that Vienna under occupation bore no resemblance to pre-war Vienna and Lec himself was not the man he had been. Indeed, he was the last survivor… In 1950, when he was no longer working at the Mission, Lec and his family decided to move to Israel, which communist Poland felt to be tantamount to betrayal and desertion. Sadly, the poet never managed to feel at home there. In 1952, he took the dramatic decision to return to Poland. He had left Poland for Vienna at a time when the political regime was right in the middle of a transformation. Now, it was to Stalinist Poland that he returned. People were afraid to meet him, he was ostracised, no-one was allowed to publish his work and his books were withdrawn from libraries. He translated a little (amongst other things\u00a0Mother Courage<\/em>\u00a0by Bertolt Brecht and the poems of Paul Celan). He tried to repent.<\/p>\n

Readers had to wait until 1956 before his new collection of poetry came out, even if the ban on his work being published in the literary press had been lifted in 1955. The last ten years of his life were filled with literary work: he wrote poems, practised satire, translated. In 1955, the weekly\u00a0Nowa Kultura<\/em>\u00a0published 15 aphorisms by Lec. No-one remembered that, back in 1949, he had already published four in the weekly\u00a0Szpilki<\/em>. Between 1955 and his death in 1966, Lec found a home for his\u00a0Unkempt Thoughts<\/strong>\u00a0<\/em>in the pages of various newspapers, especially\u00a0Przegl\u0105d kulturalny<\/em>,\u00a0\u015awiat<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0Dialog<\/em>. Alongside this, from 1957, they were published as volumes, in an ever-increasing number of editions, by Krakow Literary Publications (1957, 1959, 1964). The anti-Semitic campaign of 1968 meant that the next edition of\u00a0Unkempt Thoughts<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0only came out in 1972. The 1957 edition contained 193 aphorisms, the 1991 edition 2160, and the 1996 edition 2605. In the most complete edition, published by Noir sur Blanc in 2006, we can count 4711 aphorisms, thanks to the great Lec specialist, Lidia Ko\u015bka, who devoted a monograph to him. She had the opportunity to read several aphorisms which had not been published, written on sheets of paper or even serviettes. Some had fallen foul of the censors, others hadn\u2019t even got that far for obvious reasons, but some may have been waiting to be published or else formed part of the poet\u2019s reserve.<\/p>\n

Lec called his works thoughts, phrases and \u2013 rarely \u2013 aphorisms. He may not have wished to impose upon them the precise form of the aphorism, with its ancient roots, which in Hippocrates\u2019 collection of medical rules, called his\u00a0Aphorismoi<\/em>, signified \u2018differentiation\u2019, or \u2018definition\u2019. He did not want to become part of the tradition of ancient or French sentences and maxims with which his work had little in common, save perhaps for their elegance. The German language tradition is closer to Lec, particularly the works of Karl Kraus. In his\u00a0Unkempt Thoughts<\/em><\/strong>, the writer is giving us a clear sign when, asked how long his thoughts needed to take shape, he answers \u2018six thousand years\u2019. It\u2019s a clear\u00a0clin d\u2019oeil<\/em>\u00a0in reference to the Jewish calendar. Links with Hebraic thought are legion in Lec\u2019s oeuvre. There are some similarities to Polish aphoristic texts but they are negligeable. Even the title\u00a0Unkempt Thoughts<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0is a reference to a writer close to Lec, Heinrich Heine, who wrote ironically about \u201cSch\u00f6n gek\u00e4mmte, friesierte Gedanken\u201d (\u201cbeautifully combed and coiffed thoughts\u201d).<\/p>\n

The\u00a0Unkempt Thoughts<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0were hugely successful in Poland during Lec\u2019s lifetime. They were mostly interpreted from a political angle, as an expression of opposition to the communist regime. They were also successful outside Poland, especially in Germany. Moreover, they are unquestionably masterpieces of Polish literature, a master class in composing aphorisms. Lec, there can be no doubt, delighted in this glory and popularity….but it also caused him a certain amount of sadness, because Lec saw himself first and foremost as a poet. He was a talented poet, but his\u00a0Unkempt Thoughts<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>are truly first-rate and have retained their freshness and their traps. They delve deep into the stereotypes linked to language, grand statements, myths and automatisms, however innocent they may claim to be. And then they suddenly shatter this innocence with such lightning lucidity and with such spirit that one could almost find them frightening. And even if they do still bear an anti-political charge, what we can see even more clearly is their profoundly philosophical dimension.
\u00a0
(a big thank you goes out to Mrs. Lidia KO\u015aKA and Mr. Tomasz LEC, who helped us with the pictures of Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy Lec)
\u00a0
\u00a0
\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Picture gallery<\/h3>\n
\"the<\/a>\u00a0\"Stanis\u0142aw<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The great Polish aphorist\u00a0Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy LEC\u00a0left us 50 years ago. In order to commemorate the anniversary of his passing, we asked a great specialist of Lec, prof. em.\u00a0Leonard NEUGER\u00a0(Stockholm University), to write a short piece on the life and works of the writer with a turbulent destiny.>>> read\u00a0Leonard Neuger’s text What\u2019s more,\u00a0every week, we\u2019ll publish […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":127,"featured_media":3706,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[102],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3708","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-literature"],"yoast_head":"\n50th anniversary of the death of Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy Lec - Instytut Polski w Brukseli<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/en\/2016\/01\/01\/50th-anniversary-of-the-death-of-stanislaw-jerzy-lec\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"50th anniversary of the death of Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy Lec - Instytut Polski w Brukseli\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The great Polish aphorist\u00a0Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy LEC\u00a0left us 50 years ago. In order to commemorate the anniversary of his passing, we asked a great specialist of Lec, prof. em.\u00a0Leonard NEUGER\u00a0(Stockholm University), to write a short piece on the life and works of the writer with a turbulent destiny.>>> read\u00a0Leonard Neuger’s text What\u2019s more,\u00a0every week, we\u2019ll publish […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/en\/2016\/01\/01\/50th-anniversary-of-the-death-of-stanislaw-jerzy-lec\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Instytut Polski w Brukseli\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-01-01T22:20:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-05-11T21:34:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/05\/99990fr-15.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"572\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"358\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"dyjakn\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napisane przez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"dyjakn\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minut\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"event\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/en\/2016\/01\/01\/50th-anniversary-of-the-death-of-stanislaw-jerzy-lec\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/en\/2016\/01\/01\/50th-anniversary-of-the-death-of-stanislaw-jerzy-lec\/\",\"name\":\"50th anniversary of the death of Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy Lec\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/en\/2016\/01\/01\/50th-anniversary-of-the-death-of-stanislaw-jerzy-lec\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":[\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/05\/99990fr-15.png\",\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/05\/99990fr-15-300x188.png\",\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/05\/99990fr-15.png\",\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/05\/99990fr-15.png\"],\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/05\/99990fr-15.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-01-01T22:20:12+02:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-05-11T21:34:00+02:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/#\/schema\/person\/ccb27e6f37dc023e9a8d394b9bc37c18\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/en\/2016\/01\/01\/50th-anniversary-of-the-death-of-stanislaw-jerzy-lec\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/en\/2016\/01\/01\/50th-anniversary-of-the-death-of-stanislaw-jerzy-lec\/\"]}],\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"startDate\":\"2016-01-01\",\"endDate\":\"2016-12-31\",\"eventStatus\":\"EventScheduled\",\"eventAttendanceMode\":\"OfflineEventAttendanceMode\",\"location\":{\"@type\":\"place\",\"name\":\"\",\"address\":\"\",\"geo\":{\"@type\":\"GeoCoordinates\",\"latitude\":\"\",\"longitude\":\"\"}},\"description\":\"The great Polish aphorist\u00a0Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy LEC\u00a0left us 50 years ago. In order to commemorate the anniversary of his passing, we asked a great specialist of Lec, prof. em.\u00a0Leonard NEUGER\u00a0(Stockholm University), to write a short piece on the life and works of the writer with a turbulent destiny.>>> read\u00a0Leonard Neuger's textWhat\u2019s more,\u00a0every week, we\u2019ll publish an aphorism by LEC\u00a0on this page. Don\u2019t miss it!\\nIf the art of conversation was more elevated herethe birth rate would be lower.\\n\u00a0\\nStanis\u0142aw Jerzy Lec.In a changing, unstable and uncertain world\u00a0\\nby prof. em.\u00a0Leonard NEUGER\u00a0(Stockholm University)\\n\u00a0\\nStanis\u0142aw Jerzy Lec was born on 6 March 1909 in Lviv. He died on 7 May 1966 in Warsaw. He was born in the Austro-Hungarian empire, in the capital of a creation which was strange to say the least \u2013 the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria \u2013 which in those days was known as Lemberg. In 1918, at the end of the First World War, Lemberg was returned to Poland and was given back its Polish name of Lw\u00f3w. In 1939, the city was occupied by the Soviet Union and its name was changed to Lvov. Today, the city is located in Ukraine and is called Lviv. Lec died in the Polish People\u2019s Republic, in the capital which was called, and is still called, Warsaw. During the occupation by the Third Reich, the city was nevertheless called Warschau \u2013 Lec stayed there for a time. These changes of names, of countries and of political systems are enough to make you feel dizzy, and yet they\u2019re simplified here. And we shouldn\u2019t forget the creation of the state of Israel in 1948... Perhaps it\u2019s wiser simply to say this: Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy Lec was born and died in a changing, unstable and uncertain world. Hidden behind these words are extreme cruelty, genocide and terror. They form the framework of Lec\u2019s life and those of his contemporaries. The generation of Czes\u0142aw Mi\u0142osz.\\nStanis\u0142aw Jerzy\u2019s mother was called Adela Safir, and his father\u2019s name was Benon de Tusch-Letz. Lec\u2019s Jewish ancestors hailed from Spain and arrived in Poland via the Netherlands and Germany. In the 19th century, the family received from the emperor the title of baron for services to the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. If we were to start writing the introduction of this text afresh, we would write \u2018Baron Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy de Tusch-Letz was born...\u2019etc. During the First World War, the Lec family sought refuge in Vienna; once they had returned to Lw\u00f3w, Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy studied at the Evangelische Oberschule before going on to the Kamerling Gymnasium. The language spoken at home was Polish and surely German; at school he spoke German; his milieu was Jewish, Polish and Austrian; his cultural circle \u2013 certainly Catholic, Protestant, Jewish and secular.\u00a0In 1927, he began to study Polish literature and language before studies in law at the famous (Polish) University of Lw\u00f3w. He completed his studies in 1933, just as Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany.\\nLec\u2019s work was first published in a literary magazine in 1929. He then made an important decision: he renounced his aristocratic title. Baron de Tusch disappeared forever from his signature. His first verses still bear the German version of his name \u2013 Letz. His first books came out in 1933, when he published two tomes of his satirical poems under the Polish spelling of his name \u2013 Lec. From then on, he always signed his work using this name, sometimes even reducing his first name to its initials: St. L. But Lec would also talk about the hidden meanings behind his surname. LEC read back to front means the TARGET in Polish (cel); in Hebrew \u2013 the CLOWN; in German \u2013 the LAST (Letzt). And if we add to this the fact that his mother\u2019s maiden name, Safrin, means WRITER in Hebrew, a multilingual, Polish-German-Hebrew destiny is what escapes from this chaos of epoques, this hotch-potch of names and borders: Lec was meant to be a writer, a satirist (a humourist), a target\/victim and the last survivor.\\nAs with many of his generation, Lec had been linked to the communist left before the war, although he never belonged to any party. In 1939, Poland\u2019s eastern territories, including Lw\u00f3w, were seized by the Soviet Union (which incorporated them) under the terms of the Ribbentrop-Molotov pact. Lec wrote for the\u00a0Czerwony Sztandar, a communist newspaper then published in Polish, even writing a poem in Stalin\u2019s honour. He was a witness to fear: he experienced the arrests of the left-wing literary elite (W\u0142adys\u0142aw Broniewski, Aleksander Wat, Tadeusz Peiper), the provocations and deporations or, quite simply, sudden disappearances. A period of terror had set in.\\nIn 1941, The Germans took back Lvov. As a Jew, Lec was placed in the labour camp at Tarnopol. He escaped certain death by literally escaping from the grave which he had dug himself. This fortunate incident saved his life, followed later by his perfect knowledge of German. He reached Warsaw (Warschau) and joined the authorities of the communist resistance. His Semitic appearance meant it was impossible to hide him in the city. He was sent to the detachments of fighters in the region of Lublin \u2013 anti-Semites, we might add (Lec wrote about this) \u2013 alongside whom he fought until the end of the war.\\nAfter the war, in 1949, Lec became a press attach\u00e9 for the Mission of the Polish Republic in Vienna, in the occupied Soviet zone. It\u2019s hard to think of a better candidate for this post, with his excellent knowledge of German, ties to the city (dating back to childhood) a good education, excellent manners, a commitment to left-wing activism since before the war broke out and a good reputation as a poet and satirist, enhanced by the fact that, at the time, (1946\u20131950) he was in the process of editing four poetical and satirical tomes. It\u2019s wise, however, to take a closer look at this. A power struggle was underway in the communist camp and Lec\u2019s intellectual training as a poet and his writing style were rejected in favour of blind obedience and socialist realism. The poetical and satirical pamphlets which he published at that time met with severe criticism. As for the rest, one should note that Vienna under occupation bore no resemblance to pre-war Vienna and Lec himself was not the man he had been. Indeed, he was the last survivor... In 1950, when he was no longer working at the Mission, Lec and his family decided to move to Israel, which communist Poland felt to be tantamount to betrayal and desertion. Sadly, the poet never managed to feel at home there. In 1952, he took the dramatic decision to return to Poland. He had left Poland for Vienna at a time when the political regime was right in the middle of a transformation. Now, it was to Stalinist Poland that he returned. People were afraid to meet him, he was ostracised, no-one was allowed to publish his work and his books were withdrawn from libraries. He translated a little (amongst other things\u00a0Mother Courage\u00a0by Bertolt Brecht and the poems of Paul Celan). He tried to repent.\\nReaders had to wait until 1956 before his new collection of poetry came out, even if the ban on his work being published in the literary press had been lifted in 1955. The last ten years of his life were filled with literary work: he wrote poems, practised satire, translated. In 1955, the weekly\u00a0Nowa Kultura\u00a0published 15 aphorisms by Lec. No-one remembered that, back in 1949, he had already published four in the weekly\u00a0Szpilki. Between 1955 and his death in 1966, Lec found a home for his\u00a0Unkempt Thoughts\u00a0in the pages of various newspapers, especially\u00a0Przegl\u0105d kulturalny,\u00a0\u015awiat\u00a0and\u00a0Dialog. Alongside this, from 1957, they were published as volumes, in an ever-increasing number of editions, by Krakow Literary Publications (1957, 1959, 1964). The anti-Semitic campaign of 1968 meant that the next edition of\u00a0Unkempt Thoughts\u00a0only came out in 1972. The 1957 edition contained 193 aphorisms, the 1991 edition 2160, and the 1996 edition 2605. In the most complete edition, published by Noir sur Blanc in 2006, we can count 4711 aphorisms, thanks to the great Lec specialist, Lidia Ko\u015bka, who devoted a monograph to him. She had the opportunity to read several aphorisms which had not been published, written on sheets of paper or even serviettes. Some had fallen foul of the censors, others hadn\u2019t even got that far for obvious reasons, but some may have been waiting to be published or else formed part of the poet\u2019s reserve.\\nLec called his works thoughts, phrases and \u2013 rarely \u2013 aphorisms. He may not have wished to impose upon them the precise form of the aphorism, with its ancient roots, which in Hippocrates\u2019 collection of medical rules, called his\u00a0Aphorismoi, signified \u2018differentiation\u2019, or \u2018definition\u2019. He did not want to become part of the tradition of ancient or French sentences and maxims with which his work had little in common, save perhaps for their elegance. The German language tradition is closer to Lec, particularly the works of Karl Kraus. In his\u00a0Unkempt Thoughts, the writer is giving us a clear sign when, asked how long his thoughts needed to take shape, he answers \u2018six thousand years\u2019. It\u2019s a clear\u00a0clin d\u2019oeil\u00a0in reference to the Jewish calendar. Links with Hebraic thought are legion in Lec\u2019s oeuvre. There are some similarities to Polish aphoristic texts but they are negligeable. Even the title\u00a0Unkempt Thoughts\u00a0is a reference to a writer close to Lec, Heinrich Heine, who wrote ironically about \u201cSch\u00f6n gek\u00e4mmte, friesierte Gedanken\u201d (\u201cbeautifully combed and coiffed thoughts\u201d).\\nThe\u00a0Unkempt Thoughts\u00a0were hugely successful in Poland during Lec\u2019s lifetime. They were mostly interpreted from a political angle, as an expression of opposition to the communist regime. They were also successful outside Poland, especially in Germany. Moreover, they are unquestionably masterpieces of Polish literature, a master class in composing aphorisms. Lec, there can be no doubt, delighted in this glory and popularity....but it also caused him a certain amount of sadness, because Lec saw himself first and foremost as a poet. He was a talented poet, but his\u00a0Unkempt Thoughts\u00a0are truly first-rate and have retained their freshness and their traps. They delve deep into the stereotypes linked to language, grand statements, myths and automatisms, however innocent they may claim to be. And then they suddenly shatter this innocence with such lightning lucidity and with such spirit that one could almost find them frightening. And even if they do still bear an anti-political charge, what we can see even more clearly is their profoundly philosophical dimension.\u00a0(a big thank you goes out to Mrs. Lidia KO\u015aKA and Mr. Tomasz LEC, who helped us with the pictures of Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy Lec)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\\nPicture gallery\\n\u00a0\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/en\/2016\/01\/01\/50th-anniversary-of-the-death-of-stanislaw-jerzy-lec\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/05\/99990fr-15.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/05\/99990fr-15.png\",\"width\":572,\"height\":358,\"caption\":\"Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy Lec, Pens\u00e9es \u00e9chevel\u00e9es, \u00e9d. 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In order to commemorate the anniversary of his passing, we asked a great specialist of Lec, prof. em.\u00a0Leonard NEUGER\u00a0(Stockholm University), to write a short piece on the life and works of the writer with a turbulent destiny.>>> read\u00a0Leonard Neuger’s text What\u2019s more,\u00a0every week, we\u2019ll publish […]","og_url":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/en\/2016\/01\/01\/50th-anniversary-of-the-death-of-stanislaw-jerzy-lec\/","og_site_name":"Instytut Polski w Brukseli","article_published_time":"2016-01-01T22:20:12+00:00","article_modified_time":"2020-05-11T21:34:00+00:00","og_image":[{"width":572,"height":358,"url":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/05\/99990fr-15.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"dyjakn","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Napisane przez":"dyjakn","Szacowany czas czytania":"9 minut"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"event","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/en\/2016\/01\/01\/50th-anniversary-of-the-death-of-stanislaw-jerzy-lec\/","url":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/en\/2016\/01\/01\/50th-anniversary-of-the-death-of-stanislaw-jerzy-lec\/","name":"50th anniversary of the death of Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy Lec","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/en\/2016\/01\/01\/50th-anniversary-of-the-death-of-stanislaw-jerzy-lec\/#primaryimage"},"image":["https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/05\/99990fr-15.png","https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/05\/99990fr-15-300x188.png","https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/05\/99990fr-15.png","https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/05\/99990fr-15.png"],"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/05\/99990fr-15.png","datePublished":"2016-01-01T22:20:12+02:00","dateModified":"2020-05-11T21:34:00+02:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/#\/schema\/person\/ccb27e6f37dc023e9a8d394b9bc37c18"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/en\/2016\/01\/01\/50th-anniversary-of-the-death-of-stanislaw-jerzy-lec\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pl-PL","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/en\/2016\/01\/01\/50th-anniversary-of-the-death-of-stanislaw-jerzy-lec\/"]}],"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","startDate":"2016-01-01","endDate":"2016-12-31","eventStatus":"EventScheduled","eventAttendanceMode":"OfflineEventAttendanceMode","location":{"@type":"place","name":"","address":"","geo":{"@type":"GeoCoordinates","latitude":"","longitude":""}},"description":"The great Polish aphorist\u00a0Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy LEC\u00a0left us 50 years ago. In order to commemorate the anniversary of his passing, we asked a great specialist of Lec, prof. em.\u00a0Leonard NEUGER\u00a0(Stockholm University), to write a short piece on the life and works of the writer with a turbulent destiny.>>> read\u00a0Leonard Neuger's textWhat\u2019s more,\u00a0every week, we\u2019ll publish an aphorism by LEC\u00a0on this page. Don\u2019t miss it!\nIf the art of conversation was more elevated herethe birth rate would be lower.\n\u00a0\nStanis\u0142aw Jerzy Lec.In a changing, unstable and uncertain world\u00a0\nby prof. em.\u00a0Leonard NEUGER\u00a0(Stockholm University)\n\u00a0\nStanis\u0142aw Jerzy Lec was born on 6 March 1909 in Lviv. He died on 7 May 1966 in Warsaw. He was born in the Austro-Hungarian empire, in the capital of a creation which was strange to say the least \u2013 the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria \u2013 which in those days was known as Lemberg. In 1918, at the end of the First World War, Lemberg was returned to Poland and was given back its Polish name of Lw\u00f3w. In 1939, the city was occupied by the Soviet Union and its name was changed to Lvov. Today, the city is located in Ukraine and is called Lviv. Lec died in the Polish People\u2019s Republic, in the capital which was called, and is still called, Warsaw. During the occupation by the Third Reich, the city was nevertheless called Warschau \u2013 Lec stayed there for a time. These changes of names, of countries and of political systems are enough to make you feel dizzy, and yet they\u2019re simplified here. And we shouldn\u2019t forget the creation of the state of Israel in 1948... Perhaps it\u2019s wiser simply to say this: Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy Lec was born and died in a changing, unstable and uncertain world. Hidden behind these words are extreme cruelty, genocide and terror. They form the framework of Lec\u2019s life and those of his contemporaries. The generation of Czes\u0142aw Mi\u0142osz.\nStanis\u0142aw Jerzy\u2019s mother was called Adela Safir, and his father\u2019s name was Benon de Tusch-Letz. Lec\u2019s Jewish ancestors hailed from Spain and arrived in Poland via the Netherlands and Germany. In the 19th century, the family received from the emperor the title of baron for services to the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. If we were to start writing the introduction of this text afresh, we would write \u2018Baron Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy de Tusch-Letz was born...\u2019etc. During the First World War, the Lec family sought refuge in Vienna; once they had returned to Lw\u00f3w, Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy studied at the Evangelische Oberschule before going on to the Kamerling Gymnasium. The language spoken at home was Polish and surely German; at school he spoke German; his milieu was Jewish, Polish and Austrian; his cultural circle \u2013 certainly Catholic, Protestant, Jewish and secular.\u00a0In 1927, he began to study Polish literature and language before studies in law at the famous (Polish) University of Lw\u00f3w. He completed his studies in 1933, just as Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany.\nLec\u2019s work was first published in a literary magazine in 1929. He then made an important decision: he renounced his aristocratic title. Baron de Tusch disappeared forever from his signature. His first verses still bear the German version of his name \u2013 Letz. His first books came out in 1933, when he published two tomes of his satirical poems under the Polish spelling of his name \u2013 Lec. From then on, he always signed his work using this name, sometimes even reducing his first name to its initials: St. L. But Lec would also talk about the hidden meanings behind his surname. LEC read back to front means the TARGET in Polish (cel); in Hebrew \u2013 the CLOWN; in German \u2013 the LAST (Letzt). And if we add to this the fact that his mother\u2019s maiden name, Safrin, means WRITER in Hebrew, a multilingual, Polish-German-Hebrew destiny is what escapes from this chaos of epoques, this hotch-potch of names and borders: Lec was meant to be a writer, a satirist (a humourist), a target\/victim and the last survivor.\nAs with many of his generation, Lec had been linked to the communist left before the war, although he never belonged to any party. In 1939, Poland\u2019s eastern territories, including Lw\u00f3w, were seized by the Soviet Union (which incorporated them) under the terms of the Ribbentrop-Molotov pact. Lec wrote for the\u00a0Czerwony Sztandar, a communist newspaper then published in Polish, even writing a poem in Stalin\u2019s honour. He was a witness to fear: he experienced the arrests of the left-wing literary elite (W\u0142adys\u0142aw Broniewski, Aleksander Wat, Tadeusz Peiper), the provocations and deporations or, quite simply, sudden disappearances. A period of terror had set in.\nIn 1941, The Germans took back Lvov. As a Jew, Lec was placed in the labour camp at Tarnopol. He escaped certain death by literally escaping from the grave which he had dug himself. This fortunate incident saved his life, followed later by his perfect knowledge of German. He reached Warsaw (Warschau) and joined the authorities of the communist resistance. His Semitic appearance meant it was impossible to hide him in the city. He was sent to the detachments of fighters in the region of Lublin \u2013 anti-Semites, we might add (Lec wrote about this) \u2013 alongside whom he fought until the end of the war.\nAfter the war, in 1949, Lec became a press attach\u00e9 for the Mission of the Polish Republic in Vienna, in the occupied Soviet zone. It\u2019s hard to think of a better candidate for this post, with his excellent knowledge of German, ties to the city (dating back to childhood) a good education, excellent manners, a commitment to left-wing activism since before the war broke out and a good reputation as a poet and satirist, enhanced by the fact that, at the time, (1946\u20131950) he was in the process of editing four poetical and satirical tomes. It\u2019s wise, however, to take a closer look at this. A power struggle was underway in the communist camp and Lec\u2019s intellectual training as a poet and his writing style were rejected in favour of blind obedience and socialist realism. The poetical and satirical pamphlets which he published at that time met with severe criticism. As for the rest, one should note that Vienna under occupation bore no resemblance to pre-war Vienna and Lec himself was not the man he had been. Indeed, he was the last survivor... In 1950, when he was no longer working at the Mission, Lec and his family decided to move to Israel, which communist Poland felt to be tantamount to betrayal and desertion. Sadly, the poet never managed to feel at home there. In 1952, he took the dramatic decision to return to Poland. He had left Poland for Vienna at a time when the political regime was right in the middle of a transformation. Now, it was to Stalinist Poland that he returned. People were afraid to meet him, he was ostracised, no-one was allowed to publish his work and his books were withdrawn from libraries. He translated a little (amongst other things\u00a0Mother Courage\u00a0by Bertolt Brecht and the poems of Paul Celan). He tried to repent.\nReaders had to wait until 1956 before his new collection of poetry came out, even if the ban on his work being published in the literary press had been lifted in 1955. The last ten years of his life were filled with literary work: he wrote poems, practised satire, translated. In 1955, the weekly\u00a0Nowa Kultura\u00a0published 15 aphorisms by Lec. No-one remembered that, back in 1949, he had already published four in the weekly\u00a0Szpilki. Between 1955 and his death in 1966, Lec found a home for his\u00a0Unkempt Thoughts\u00a0in the pages of various newspapers, especially\u00a0Przegl\u0105d kulturalny,\u00a0\u015awiat\u00a0and\u00a0Dialog. Alongside this, from 1957, they were published as volumes, in an ever-increasing number of editions, by Krakow Literary Publications (1957, 1959, 1964). The anti-Semitic campaign of 1968 meant that the next edition of\u00a0Unkempt Thoughts\u00a0only came out in 1972. The 1957 edition contained 193 aphorisms, the 1991 edition 2160, and the 1996 edition 2605. In the most complete edition, published by Noir sur Blanc in 2006, we can count 4711 aphorisms, thanks to the great Lec specialist, Lidia Ko\u015bka, who devoted a monograph to him. She had the opportunity to read several aphorisms which had not been published, written on sheets of paper or even serviettes. Some had fallen foul of the censors, others hadn\u2019t even got that far for obvious reasons, but some may have been waiting to be published or else formed part of the poet\u2019s reserve.\nLec called his works thoughts, phrases and \u2013 rarely \u2013 aphorisms. He may not have wished to impose upon them the precise form of the aphorism, with its ancient roots, which in Hippocrates\u2019 collection of medical rules, called his\u00a0Aphorismoi, signified \u2018differentiation\u2019, or \u2018definition\u2019. He did not want to become part of the tradition of ancient or French sentences and maxims with which his work had little in common, save perhaps for their elegance. The German language tradition is closer to Lec, particularly the works of Karl Kraus. In his\u00a0Unkempt Thoughts, the writer is giving us a clear sign when, asked how long his thoughts needed to take shape, he answers \u2018six thousand years\u2019. It\u2019s a clear\u00a0clin d\u2019oeil\u00a0in reference to the Jewish calendar. Links with Hebraic thought are legion in Lec\u2019s oeuvre. There are some similarities to Polish aphoristic texts but they are negligeable. Even the title\u00a0Unkempt Thoughts\u00a0is a reference to a writer close to Lec, Heinrich Heine, who wrote ironically about \u201cSch\u00f6n gek\u00e4mmte, friesierte Gedanken\u201d (\u201cbeautifully combed and coiffed thoughts\u201d).\nThe\u00a0Unkempt Thoughts\u00a0were hugely successful in Poland during Lec\u2019s lifetime. They were mostly interpreted from a political angle, as an expression of opposition to the communist regime. They were also successful outside Poland, especially in Germany. Moreover, they are unquestionably masterpieces of Polish literature, a master class in composing aphorisms. Lec, there can be no doubt, delighted in this glory and popularity....but it also caused him a certain amount of sadness, because Lec saw himself first and foremost as a poet. He was a talented poet, but his\u00a0Unkempt Thoughts\u00a0are truly first-rate and have retained their freshness and their traps. They delve deep into the stereotypes linked to language, grand statements, myths and automatisms, however innocent they may claim to be. And then they suddenly shatter this innocence with such lightning lucidity and with such spirit that one could almost find them frightening. And even if they do still bear an anti-political charge, what we can see even more clearly is their profoundly philosophical dimension.\u00a0(a big thank you goes out to Mrs. Lidia KO\u015aKA and Mr. Tomasz LEC, who helped us with the pictures of Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy Lec)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\nPicture gallery\n\u00a0"},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/en\/2016\/01\/01\/50th-anniversary-of-the-death-of-stanislaw-jerzy-lec\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/05\/99990fr-15.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/05\/99990fr-15.png","width":572,"height":358,"caption":"Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy Lec, Pens\u00e9es \u00e9chevel\u00e9es, \u00e9d. Noir sur Blanc, Montricher (Suisse), 1991"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/en\/2016\/01\/01\/50th-anniversary-of-the-death-of-stanislaw-jerzy-lec\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"50th anniversary of the death of Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy Lec"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/#website","url":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/","name":"Instytut Polski w Brukseli","description":"Instytuty Polskie","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"pl-PL"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/#\/schema\/person\/ccb27e6f37dc023e9a8d394b9bc37c18","name":"dyjakn","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8275a451988be0ae9a525d2a55b644f7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8275a451988be0ae9a525d2a55b644f7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"dyjakn"},"url":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/author\/dyjakn\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3708","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/127"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3708"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3708\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3716,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3708\/revisions\/3716"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3706"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3708"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3708"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/brussels\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3708"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}