{"id":2997,"date":"2015-09-01T12:27:00","date_gmt":"2015-09-01T10:27:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/?p=2997"},"modified":"2022-02-10T11:07:47","modified_gmt":"2022-02-10T10:07:47","slug":"polonezii-in-al-doilea-razboi-mondial","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/2015\/09\/01\/polonezii-in-al-doilea-razboi-mondial\/","title":{"rendered":"Polonezii \u00een Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Acest r\u0103zboi a \u00eenceput \u00een septembrie 1939, de la atacul coordonat al celui de-Al Treilea Reich \u0219i Uniunii Sovietice asupra Poloniei.\u00a0 Polonia, atacat\u0103 fiind de dou\u0103 state totalitare, a fost nu doar prima victim\u0103 a celui de-Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial, ci a \u0219i suferit \u00een cadrul acestuia, \u00een mod propor\u021bional, cele mai mari pierderi biologice, care s-au ridicat la cca.\u00a0 6 milioane de cet\u0103\u021beni (dintre care jum\u0103tate au fost evrei polonezi), cifr\u0103 ce a reprezentat 22% din popula\u021bia \u021b\u0103rii de dinainte de r\u0103zboi.\u00a0 O tr\u0103s\u0103tur\u0103 caracteristic\u0103 a acestei hecatombe a reprezentat-o aspectul social al acesteia, respectiv faptul c\u0103, at\u00e2t nem\u021bii, c\u00e2t \u0219i sovieticii au distrus cu o \u00eenver\u0219unare extraordinar\u0103 reprezentan\u021bii p\u0103turilor \u00eenst\u0103rite ale societ\u0103\u021bii poloneze, ai mediilor reprezent\u00e2nd fundamentele statului polonez, garante ale func\u021bion\u0103rii acestuia, ai mediilor creatoare de cultur\u0103 precum \u0219i ai intelectualit\u0103\u021bii, \u00een accep\u021bia l\u0103rgit\u0103 a termenului \u2013 aristocra\u021biei, mo\u0219ierimii, industria\u0219ilor, func\u021bionarilor de stat, ofi\u021berilor din armat\u0103 \u0219i poli\u021bie, clerului, juri\u0219tilor, medicilor, cadrelor didactice, scriitorilor \u0219i arti\u0219tilor \u2013 fapt ce a f\u0103cut ca celui de-Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial s\u0103-i fi supravie\u021buit doar 5% din polonezii cu studii superioare sau medii. Dimensiunile tragediei Poloniei dintre anii 1939-1945 au fost amplificate de pagubele materiale uria\u0219e, pierderea a peste jum\u0103tate din teritoriul de dinaintea r\u0103zboiului acaparat\u0103 de Uniunea Sovietic\u0103 \u00een temeiul Pactului Ribbentrop-Molotov, precum \u0219i distrugerea ireversibil\u0103 sau dispari\u021bia a mii de monumente apar\u021bin\u00e2nd patrimoniului cultural polonez, printre care numeroase monumente arhitectonice, biblioteci, documente de arhiv\u0103 \u0219i opere de art\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Cu toate acestea, Polonia a fost singura \u021bar\u0103 membr\u0103 a coali\u021biei antihitleriste care a luptat \u00eempotriva celui de-Al Treilea Reich din prima p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een ultima zi a celui de-Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial. Dup\u0103 pr\u0103bu\u0219irea Poloniei, solda\u021bii polonezi, pilo\u021bii \u0219i marinarii care reu\u0219iser\u0103 s\u0103 plece din \u021bara aflat\u0103 sub ocupa\u021bie, au continuat lupta cu Germania pe toate fronturile posibile \u2013 printre altele, \u00een Fran\u021ba, Norvegia, Marea Britanie, \u00een Atlantic \u0219i pe Marea Mediteran\u0103, \u00een Africa de Nord, Rusia, Italia, Belgia \u0219i Olanda \u0219i, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, chiar \u00een Germania, particip\u00e2nd \u00een mod activ la cucerirea Berlinului.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen decursul celor \u0219ase ani, c\u00e2t a durat cel de-Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial, prin toate forma\u021biunile armate poloneze care au luptat \u00eempotriva Germaniei \u2013 armata regulat\u0103, mi\u0219carea de partizani ca \u0219i Armata \u021a\u0103rii, ac\u021bion\u00e2nd \u00een mod conspirativ \u00een \u021bar\u0103 \u0219i subordonat\u0103 guvernului polonez din exil, de la Londra \u2013 au trecut aprox. 2 milioane de oameni, \u0219i astfel, p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u00eencheierea acestui conflict, la lupte au participat activ cca. 600 de mii de polonezi. Aceasta a \u00eensemnat c\u0103 for\u021bele armate poloneze au reprezentat, numeric vorbind, a patra armat\u0103 a alia\u021bilor, care a contribuit considerabil la \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea definitiv\u0103 a nazismului.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cei invit\u0103m pe to\u021bi cei interesa\u021bi de istoria complicat\u0103, tragic\u0103, dar \u0219i glorioas\u0103 a Poloniei \u0219i polonezilor \u00een timpul celui de-Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial s\u0103 viziteze pagina de internet dedicat\u0103 acestei teme\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ww2.pl\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.ww2.pl\/en<\/a>\u00a0\u0219i, totodat\u0103, le recomand\u0103m c\u0103lduros seria articolelor pe tema contribu\u021biei polonezilor la victoria alia\u021bilor, care sunt publicate \u2013 \u00eencep\u00e2nd din iunie a.c. &#8211; \u00een paginile remarcabilei reviste rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti \u201eHistoria\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Un prim articol din acest ciclu, consacrat r\u0103zboiului de ap\u0103rare a Poloniei din 1939, poate fi deja citit \u0219i \u00een format electronic, pe pagina\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.historia.ro\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.historia.ro<\/a>, la adresa:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.historia.ro\/exclusiv_web\/general\/articol\/polonia-razboiul-defensiv-1939\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.historia.ro\/exclusiv_web\/general\/articol\/polonia-razboiul-defensiv-1939<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Al doilea, despre aviatori polonezi, participan\u021bi \u00een B\u0103t\u0103lia Angliei:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.historia.ro\/exclusiv_web\/general\/articol\/o-mana-oameni-impotriva-luftwaffe-participarea-polonezilor-batalia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.historia.ro\/exclusiv_web\/general\/articol\/o-mana-oameni-impotriva-luftwaffe-participarea-polonezilor-batalia<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Al treilea, despre\u00a0polonezii care au ajutat s\u0103 sparg\u0103 codul \u201eEnigmei\u201d:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.historia.ro\/exclusiv_web\/general\/articol\/polonezii-primii-invingatorii-ai-enigmei\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.historia.ro\/exclusiv_web\/general\/articol\/polonezii-primii-invingatorii-ai-enigmei<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Pe m\u0103sura apari\u021biei urm\u0103toarelor articole, vom comunica link-urile ce vor putea fi accesate pentru desc\u0103rcarea textelor respective.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Acest r\u0103zboi a \u00eenceput \u00een septembrie 1939, de la atacul coordonat al celui de-Al Treilea Reich \u0219i Uniunii Sovietice asupra Poloniei.\u00a0 Polonia, atacat\u0103 fiind de dou\u0103 state totalitare, a fost nu doar prima victim\u0103 a celui de-Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial, ci a \u0219i suferit \u00een cadrul acestuia, \u00een mod propor\u021bional, cele mai mari pierderi biologice, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40,"featured_media":2999,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,100],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2997","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","category-stiri-ro"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Polonezii \u00een Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial - Instytut Polski w Bukareszcie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/2015\/09\/01\/polonezii-in-al-doilea-razboi-mondial\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Polonezii \u00een Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial - Instytut Polski w Bukareszcie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Acest r\u0103zboi a \u00eenceput \u00een septembrie 1939, de la atacul coordonat al celui de-Al Treilea Reich \u0219i Uniunii Sovietice asupra Poloniei.\u00a0 Polonia, atacat\u0103 fiind de dou\u0103 state totalitare, a fost nu doar prima victim\u0103 a celui de-Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial, ci a \u0219i suferit \u00een cadrul acestuia, \u00een mod propor\u021bional, cele mai mari pierderi biologice, [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/2015\/09\/01\/polonezii-in-al-doilea-razboi-mondial\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Instytut Polski w Bukareszcie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-09-01T10:27:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-02-10T10:07:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2020\/06\/al-doilea-razboi-mondial-aniversare.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"480\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"360\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"mrozowskiw\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napisane przez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"mrozowskiw\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minuty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"event\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/2015\/09\/01\/polonezii-in-al-doilea-razboi-mondial\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/2015\/09\/01\/polonezii-in-al-doilea-razboi-mondial\/\",\"name\":\"Polonezii \u00een Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/2015\/09\/01\/polonezii-in-al-doilea-razboi-mondial\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":[\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2020\/06\/al-doilea-razboi-mondial-aniversare.jpg\",\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2020\/06\/al-doilea-razboi-mondial-aniversare-300x225.jpg\",\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2020\/06\/al-doilea-razboi-mondial-aniversare.jpg\",\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2020\/06\/al-doilea-razboi-mondial-aniversare.jpg\"],\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2020\/06\/al-doilea-razboi-mondial-aniversare.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-09-01T10:27:00+02:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-02-10T10:07:47+02:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/#\/schema\/person\/bb4c505717d34987a9f9d15c79a24bb8\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/2015\/09\/01\/polonezii-in-al-doilea-razboi-mondial\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/2015\/09\/01\/polonezii-in-al-doilea-razboi-mondial\/\"]}],\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"startDate\":\"2015-09-01\",\"endDate\":\"2015-09-01\",\"eventStatus\":\"EventScheduled\",\"eventAttendanceMode\":\"OfflineEventAttendanceMode\",\"location\":{\"@type\":\"place\",\"name\":\"\",\"address\":\"\",\"geo\":{\"@type\":\"GeoCoordinates\",\"latitude\":\"\",\"longitude\":\"\"}},\"description\":\"Acest r\u0103zboi a \u00eenceput \u00een septembrie 1939, de la atacul coordonat al celui de-Al Treilea Reich \u0219i Uniunii Sovietice asupra Poloniei.\u00a0 Polonia, atacat\u0103 fiind de dou\u0103 state totalitare, a fost nu doar prima victim\u0103 a celui de-Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial, ci a \u0219i suferit \u00een cadrul acestuia, \u00een mod propor\u021bional, cele mai mari pierderi biologice, care s-au ridicat la cca.\u00a0 6 milioane de cet\u0103\u021beni (dintre care jum\u0103tate au fost evrei polonezi), cifr\u0103 ce a reprezentat 22% din popula\u021bia \u021b\u0103rii de dinainte de r\u0103zboi.\u00a0 O tr\u0103s\u0103tur\u0103 caracteristic\u0103 a acestei hecatombe a reprezentat-o aspectul social al acesteia, respectiv faptul c\u0103, at\u00e2t nem\u021bii, c\u00e2t \u0219i sovieticii au distrus cu o \u00eenver\u0219unare extraordinar\u0103 reprezentan\u021bii p\u0103turilor \u00eenst\u0103rite ale societ\u0103\u021bii poloneze, ai mediilor reprezent\u00e2nd fundamentele statului polonez, garante ale func\u021bion\u0103rii acestuia, ai mediilor creatoare de cultur\u0103 precum \u0219i ai intelectualit\u0103\u021bii, \u00een accep\u021bia l\u0103rgit\u0103 a termenului \u2013 aristocra\u021biei, mo\u0219ierimii, industria\u0219ilor, func\u021bionarilor de stat, ofi\u021berilor din armat\u0103 \u0219i poli\u021bie, clerului, juri\u0219tilor, medicilor, cadrelor didactice, scriitorilor \u0219i arti\u0219tilor \u2013 fapt ce a f\u0103cut ca celui de-Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial s\u0103-i fi supravie\u021buit doar 5% din polonezii cu studii superioare sau medii. Dimensiunile tragediei Poloniei dintre anii 1939-1945 au fost amplificate de pagubele materiale uria\u0219e, pierderea a peste jum\u0103tate din teritoriul de dinaintea r\u0103zboiului acaparat\u0103 de Uniunea Sovietic\u0103 \u00een temeiul Pactului Ribbentrop-Molotov, precum \u0219i distrugerea ireversibil\u0103 sau dispari\u021bia a mii de monumente apar\u021bin\u00e2nd patrimoniului cultural polonez, printre care numeroase monumente arhitectonice, biblioteci, documente de arhiv\u0103 \u0219i opere de art\u0103.\\nCu toate acestea, Polonia a fost singura \u021bar\u0103 membr\u0103 a coali\u021biei antihitleriste care a luptat \u00eempotriva celui de-Al Treilea Reich din prima p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een ultima zi a celui de-Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial. Dup\u0103 pr\u0103bu\u0219irea Poloniei, solda\u021bii polonezi, pilo\u021bii \u0219i marinarii care reu\u0219iser\u0103 s\u0103 plece din \u021bara aflat\u0103 sub ocupa\u021bie, au continuat lupta cu Germania pe toate fronturile posibile \u2013 printre altele, \u00een Fran\u021ba, Norvegia, Marea Britanie, \u00een Atlantic \u0219i pe Marea Mediteran\u0103, \u00een Africa de Nord, Rusia, Italia, Belgia \u0219i Olanda \u0219i, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, chiar \u00een Germania, particip\u00e2nd \u00een mod activ la cucerirea Berlinului.\\n\u00cen decursul celor \u0219ase ani, c\u00e2t a durat cel de-Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial, prin toate forma\u021biunile armate poloneze care au luptat \u00eempotriva Germaniei \u2013 armata regulat\u0103, mi\u0219carea de partizani ca \u0219i Armata \u021a\u0103rii, ac\u021bion\u00e2nd \u00een mod conspirativ \u00een \u021bar\u0103 \u0219i subordonat\u0103 guvernului polonez din exil, de la Londra \u2013 au trecut aprox. 2 milioane de oameni, \u0219i astfel, p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u00eencheierea acestui conflict, la lupte au participat activ cca. 600 de mii de polonezi. Aceasta a \u00eensemnat c\u0103 for\u021bele armate poloneze au reprezentat, numeric vorbind, a patra armat\u0103 a alia\u021bilor, care a contribuit considerabil la \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea definitiv\u0103 a nazismului.\\n\u00cei invit\u0103m pe to\u021bi cei interesa\u021bi de istoria complicat\u0103, tragic\u0103, dar \u0219i glorioas\u0103 a Poloniei \u0219i polonezilor \u00een timpul celui de-Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial s\u0103 viziteze pagina de internet dedicat\u0103 acestei teme\u00a0www.ww2.pl\/en\u00a0\u0219i, totodat\u0103, le recomand\u0103m c\u0103lduros seria articolelor pe tema contribu\u021biei polonezilor la victoria alia\u021bilor, care sunt publicate \u2013 \u00eencep\u00e2nd din iunie a.c. - \u00een paginile remarcabilei reviste rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti \u201eHistoria\u201d.\\nUn prim articol din acest ciclu, consacrat r\u0103zboiului de ap\u0103rare a Poloniei din 1939, poate fi deja citit \u0219i \u00een format electronic, pe pagina\u00a0www.historia.ro, la adresa:\u00a0http:\/\/www.historia.ro\/exclusiv_web\/general\/articol\/polonia-razboiul-defensiv-1939\\nAl doilea, despre aviatori polonezi, participan\u021bi \u00een B\u0103t\u0103lia Angliei:\u00a0http:\/\/www.historia.ro\/exclusiv_web\/general\/articol\/o-mana-oameni-impotriva-luftwaffe-participarea-polonezilor-batalia\\nAl treilea, despre\u00a0polonezii care au ajutat s\u0103 sparg\u0103 codul \u201eEnigmei\u201d:\u00a0http:\/\/www.historia.ro\/exclusiv_web\/general\/articol\/polonezii-primii-invingatorii-ai-enigmei\\nPe m\u0103sura apari\u021biei urm\u0103toarelor articole, vom comunica link-urile ce vor putea fi accesate pentru desc\u0103rcarea textelor respective.\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/2015\/09\/01\/polonezii-in-al-doilea-razboi-mondial\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2020\/06\/al-doilea-razboi-mondial-aniversare.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2020\/06\/al-doilea-razboi-mondial-aniversare.jpg\",\"width\":480,\"height\":360},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/2015\/09\/01\/polonezii-in-al-doilea-razboi-mondial\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Polonezii \u00een Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/\",\"name\":\"Instytut Polski w Bukareszcie\",\"description\":\"Instytuty Polskie\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/#\/schema\/person\/bb4c505717d34987a9f9d15c79a24bb8\",\"name\":\"mrozowskiw\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/563584068e0e0cfe9f36feb55c42a1e4?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/563584068e0e0cfe9f36feb55c42a1e4?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"mrozowskiw\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/\",\"mrozowskiw\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/author\/mrozowskiw\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Polonezii \u00een Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial - Instytut Polski w Bukareszcie","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/2015\/09\/01\/polonezii-in-al-doilea-razboi-mondial\/","og_locale":"pl_PL","og_type":"article","og_title":"Polonezii \u00een Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial - Instytut Polski w Bukareszcie","og_description":"Acest r\u0103zboi a \u00eenceput \u00een septembrie 1939, de la atacul coordonat al celui de-Al Treilea Reich \u0219i Uniunii Sovietice asupra Poloniei.\u00a0 Polonia, atacat\u0103 fiind de dou\u0103 state totalitare, a fost nu doar prima victim\u0103 a celui de-Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial, ci a \u0219i suferit \u00een cadrul acestuia, \u00een mod propor\u021bional, cele mai mari pierderi biologice, [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/2015\/09\/01\/polonezii-in-al-doilea-razboi-mondial\/","og_site_name":"Instytut Polski w Bukareszcie","article_published_time":"2015-09-01T10:27:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-02-10T10:07:47+00:00","og_image":[{"width":480,"height":360,"url":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2020\/06\/al-doilea-razboi-mondial-aniversare.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"mrozowskiw","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Napisane przez":"mrozowskiw","Szacowany czas czytania":"4 minuty"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"event","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/2015\/09\/01\/polonezii-in-al-doilea-razboi-mondial\/","url":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/2015\/09\/01\/polonezii-in-al-doilea-razboi-mondial\/","name":"Polonezii \u00een Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/2015\/09\/01\/polonezii-in-al-doilea-razboi-mondial\/#primaryimage"},"image":["https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2020\/06\/al-doilea-razboi-mondial-aniversare.jpg","https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2020\/06\/al-doilea-razboi-mondial-aniversare-300x225.jpg","https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2020\/06\/al-doilea-razboi-mondial-aniversare.jpg","https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2020\/06\/al-doilea-razboi-mondial-aniversare.jpg"],"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2020\/06\/al-doilea-razboi-mondial-aniversare.jpg","datePublished":"2015-09-01T10:27:00+02:00","dateModified":"2022-02-10T10:07:47+02:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/#\/schema\/person\/bb4c505717d34987a9f9d15c79a24bb8"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/2015\/09\/01\/polonezii-in-al-doilea-razboi-mondial\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pl-PL","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/2015\/09\/01\/polonezii-in-al-doilea-razboi-mondial\/"]}],"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","startDate":"2015-09-01","endDate":"2015-09-01","eventStatus":"EventScheduled","eventAttendanceMode":"OfflineEventAttendanceMode","location":{"@type":"place","name":"","address":"","geo":{"@type":"GeoCoordinates","latitude":"","longitude":""}},"description":"Acest r\u0103zboi a \u00eenceput \u00een septembrie 1939, de la atacul coordonat al celui de-Al Treilea Reich \u0219i Uniunii Sovietice asupra Poloniei.\u00a0 Polonia, atacat\u0103 fiind de dou\u0103 state totalitare, a fost nu doar prima victim\u0103 a celui de-Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial, ci a \u0219i suferit \u00een cadrul acestuia, \u00een mod propor\u021bional, cele mai mari pierderi biologice, care s-au ridicat la cca.\u00a0 6 milioane de cet\u0103\u021beni (dintre care jum\u0103tate au fost evrei polonezi), cifr\u0103 ce a reprezentat 22% din popula\u021bia \u021b\u0103rii de dinainte de r\u0103zboi.\u00a0 O tr\u0103s\u0103tur\u0103 caracteristic\u0103 a acestei hecatombe a reprezentat-o aspectul social al acesteia, respectiv faptul c\u0103, at\u00e2t nem\u021bii, c\u00e2t \u0219i sovieticii au distrus cu o \u00eenver\u0219unare extraordinar\u0103 reprezentan\u021bii p\u0103turilor \u00eenst\u0103rite ale societ\u0103\u021bii poloneze, ai mediilor reprezent\u00e2nd fundamentele statului polonez, garante ale func\u021bion\u0103rii acestuia, ai mediilor creatoare de cultur\u0103 precum \u0219i ai intelectualit\u0103\u021bii, \u00een accep\u021bia l\u0103rgit\u0103 a termenului \u2013 aristocra\u021biei, mo\u0219ierimii, industria\u0219ilor, func\u021bionarilor de stat, ofi\u021berilor din armat\u0103 \u0219i poli\u021bie, clerului, juri\u0219tilor, medicilor, cadrelor didactice, scriitorilor \u0219i arti\u0219tilor \u2013 fapt ce a f\u0103cut ca celui de-Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial s\u0103-i fi supravie\u021buit doar 5% din polonezii cu studii superioare sau medii. Dimensiunile tragediei Poloniei dintre anii 1939-1945 au fost amplificate de pagubele materiale uria\u0219e, pierderea a peste jum\u0103tate din teritoriul de dinaintea r\u0103zboiului acaparat\u0103 de Uniunea Sovietic\u0103 \u00een temeiul Pactului Ribbentrop-Molotov, precum \u0219i distrugerea ireversibil\u0103 sau dispari\u021bia a mii de monumente apar\u021bin\u00e2nd patrimoniului cultural polonez, printre care numeroase monumente arhitectonice, biblioteci, documente de arhiv\u0103 \u0219i opere de art\u0103.\nCu toate acestea, Polonia a fost singura \u021bar\u0103 membr\u0103 a coali\u021biei antihitleriste care a luptat \u00eempotriva celui de-Al Treilea Reich din prima p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een ultima zi a celui de-Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial. Dup\u0103 pr\u0103bu\u0219irea Poloniei, solda\u021bii polonezi, pilo\u021bii \u0219i marinarii care reu\u0219iser\u0103 s\u0103 plece din \u021bara aflat\u0103 sub ocupa\u021bie, au continuat lupta cu Germania pe toate fronturile posibile \u2013 printre altele, \u00een Fran\u021ba, Norvegia, Marea Britanie, \u00een Atlantic \u0219i pe Marea Mediteran\u0103, \u00een Africa de Nord, Rusia, Italia, Belgia \u0219i Olanda \u0219i, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, chiar \u00een Germania, particip\u00e2nd \u00een mod activ la cucerirea Berlinului.\n\u00cen decursul celor \u0219ase ani, c\u00e2t a durat cel de-Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial, prin toate forma\u021biunile armate poloneze care au luptat \u00eempotriva Germaniei \u2013 armata regulat\u0103, mi\u0219carea de partizani ca \u0219i Armata \u021a\u0103rii, ac\u021bion\u00e2nd \u00een mod conspirativ \u00een \u021bar\u0103 \u0219i subordonat\u0103 guvernului polonez din exil, de la Londra \u2013 au trecut aprox. 2 milioane de oameni, \u0219i astfel, p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u00eencheierea acestui conflict, la lupte au participat activ cca. 600 de mii de polonezi. Aceasta a \u00eensemnat c\u0103 for\u021bele armate poloneze au reprezentat, numeric vorbind, a patra armat\u0103 a alia\u021bilor, care a contribuit considerabil la \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea definitiv\u0103 a nazismului.\n\u00cei invit\u0103m pe to\u021bi cei interesa\u021bi de istoria complicat\u0103, tragic\u0103, dar \u0219i glorioas\u0103 a Poloniei \u0219i polonezilor \u00een timpul celui de-Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial s\u0103 viziteze pagina de internet dedicat\u0103 acestei teme\u00a0www.ww2.pl\/en\u00a0\u0219i, totodat\u0103, le recomand\u0103m c\u0103lduros seria articolelor pe tema contribu\u021biei polonezilor la victoria alia\u021bilor, care sunt publicate \u2013 \u00eencep\u00e2nd din iunie a.c. - \u00een paginile remarcabilei reviste rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti \u201eHistoria\u201d.\nUn prim articol din acest ciclu, consacrat r\u0103zboiului de ap\u0103rare a Poloniei din 1939, poate fi deja citit \u0219i \u00een format electronic, pe pagina\u00a0www.historia.ro, la adresa:\u00a0http:\/\/www.historia.ro\/exclusiv_web\/general\/articol\/polonia-razboiul-defensiv-1939\nAl doilea, despre aviatori polonezi, participan\u021bi \u00een B\u0103t\u0103lia Angliei:\u00a0http:\/\/www.historia.ro\/exclusiv_web\/general\/articol\/o-mana-oameni-impotriva-luftwaffe-participarea-polonezilor-batalia\nAl treilea, despre\u00a0polonezii care au ajutat s\u0103 sparg\u0103 codul \u201eEnigmei\u201d:\u00a0http:\/\/www.historia.ro\/exclusiv_web\/general\/articol\/polonezii-primii-invingatorii-ai-enigmei\nPe m\u0103sura apari\u021biei urm\u0103toarelor articole, vom comunica link-urile ce vor putea fi accesate pentru desc\u0103rcarea textelor respective."},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/2015\/09\/01\/polonezii-in-al-doilea-razboi-mondial\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2020\/06\/al-doilea-razboi-mondial-aniversare.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2020\/06\/al-doilea-razboi-mondial-aniversare.jpg","width":480,"height":360},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/2015\/09\/01\/polonezii-in-al-doilea-razboi-mondial\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Polonezii \u00een Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/#website","url":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/","name":"Instytut Polski w Bukareszcie","description":"Instytuty Polskie","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"pl-PL"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/#\/schema\/person\/bb4c505717d34987a9f9d15c79a24bb8","name":"mrozowskiw","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/563584068e0e0cfe9f36feb55c42a1e4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/563584068e0e0cfe9f36feb55c42a1e4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"mrozowskiw"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/","mrozowskiw"],"url":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/author\/mrozowskiw\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2997","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/40"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2997"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2997\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3003,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2997\/revisions\/3003"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2999"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2997"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2997"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/bucuresti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2997"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}