{"id":7686,"date":"2017-12-05T14:56:00","date_gmt":"2017-12-05T13:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/?p=7686"},"modified":"2022-10-12T14:58:52","modified_gmt":"2022-10-12T12:58:52","slug":"jozef-pilsudski-staatsmann-polens-und-europas-wurde-vor-150-jahren-geboren","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/2017\/12\/05\/jozef-pilsudski-staatsmann-polens-und-europas-wurde-vor-150-jahren-geboren\/","title":{"rendered":"J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski – Staatsmann Polens und Europas, wurde vor 150 Jahren geboren"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00a0<\/h3>\n
\n

Di 05.12.2017 <\/strong>18.00 Uhr
Polnisches Institut D\u00fcsseldorf, Citadellstr. 7<\/p>\nAnl\u00e4sslich des 150. Jahrestages\u00a0des Geburtstages von J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski\u00a0l\u00e4dt das Polnische Institut D\u00fcsseldorf herzlich zum Vortrag\u00a0und zur Ausstellung\u00a0\u201eJ\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski \u2013 Staatsmann Polens\u00a0und Europas<\/strong>\u201c\u00a0am Dienstag, 5.12.2017, um 18.00 Uhr\u00a0ins Polnischen Institut D\u00fcsseldorf ein.\u00a0

Begr\u00fcssung
Wojciech J. Poczachowski<\/strong>,\u00a0Direktor des Polnischen Instituts D\u00fcsseldorf

Vortrag
Wojciech Markert<\/strong>,\u00a0J\u00f3zef\u2013Pi\u0142sudski\u2013Museum in Sulej\u00f3wek\u00a0http:\/\/www.muzeumpilsudski.pl\/<\/a>

Ausstellung
\u201eJ\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski \u2013 Staatsmann\u00a0Polens und Europas\u201c\u00a0f\u00fcr das Ausw\u00e4rtige Amt der Republik\u00a0Polen vom J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski Museum
in Sulej\u00f3wek konzipiert.


150th anniversary of the birth of J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski<\/strong>

J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski, the architect of independence in 1918 and one of the most outstanding statesmen in Polish history, was born on December 5th 1867 in Zu\u0142\u00f3w, in the Vilnius region. His achievements and political concepts have been a source of inspiration and heated disputes for politicians, publicists and historians in Poland.

Regaining independence in 1918 was the result of the efforts of several generations of Poles and the work of many political circles. J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski, the founder of the legions and the first head of state, is regarded as the true father of the Second Polish Republic. On December 5th, we celebrate the 150th anniversary of his birth.

Pilsudski was born into a landowning family, in which the independence traditions were cultivated. He became involved in political activities even while he was studying in Kharkov, from where he was expelled for participating in student protests in 1885. Two years later Pilsudski was arrested on charges of involvement in a plot to overthrow Tsar Alexander II and was deported to Siberia for five years.

Shortly after his return from exile, Pi\u0142sudski joined the Polish Socialist Party. As one of the party’s leaders, he was arrested again by the Russian authorities and sent to prison in the infamous Warsaw Citadel. At the outbreak of the Great War, he established the Polish Legions and stood at their helm, leading the Legions into territory partitioned by Russia. In 1917 the Austria-Hungary leadership demanded that the members of the Legions take an oath of loyalty to the Emperor. When he refused, along with the majority of his brothers in arms, Pilsudski was arrested and imprisoned in a fortress in Magdeburg, where he was kept until November 1918.

After the defeat of Germany, Pilsudski was released from prison and he came to Warsaw, where the Regency Council, the erstwhile highest state body in the territory of the former Polish Kingdom occupied by the so-called Central Powers, entrusted him with the supreme command of the Polish troops and the mission of creating a national government in the liberated state. On November 22, 1918, he received the official function of the Temporary Head of State – he held this function until December 1922, when the first president of the Republic of Poland, Gabriel Narutowicz, was elected. In the years 1919-1921, Pi\u0142sudski was involved in the defence of Poland’s regained independence \u2013 as the commander-in-chief he was the architect of the victories of Polish troops in the battles for the borders of independent Poland, including the Polish-Bolshevik war. The Battle of Warsaw 1920 was one of the greatest and ground-breaking battles in history \u2013the Polish victory halted the march of the Bolshevik revolution to the west of Europe.

In 1923 he withdrew from active political life. However, in May 1926, upon disagreeing with the direction of political developments, he led troops loyal to him into Warsaw and after three days of fighting effectively forced the resignation of the regime. In the following years his functions included minister of military affairs and prime minister. In foreign policy, Pilsudski sought to maintain good relations with Western Europe.

The death of J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski on May 12th 1935, surprised the entire nation, and his funeral became an enormous national manifestation paying homage to the father of the independent Polish state. His body was buried in the crypt on the Wawel, where kings, statesmen and the most prominent Poles are laid to rest. His heart – in accordance with the testament left by him – was placed in a silver urn and transported to Vilnius, where it is buried in his mother’s grave in the Rossa Cemetery.


***

150. rocznica urodzin Marsza\u0142ka J\u00f3zefa Pi\u0142sudskiego<\/strong>

J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski, architekt niepodleg\u0142o\u015bci 1918 roku i jeden z najwybitniejszych m\u0119\u017c\u00f3w stanu w historii Polski, przyszed\u0142 na \u015bwiat 5 grudnia 1867 roku w Zu\u0142owie na Wile\u0144szczy\u017anie. Jego zas\u0142ugi i koncepcje polityczne do dzi\u015b stanowi\u0105 w Polsce \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142o inspiracji dla polityk\u00f3w oraz \u017cywych spor\u00f3w w\u015br\u00f3d publicyst\u00f3w i historyk\u00f3w.

Odzyskanie niepodleg\u0142o\u015bci w 1918 roku by\u0142o efektem wysi\u0142k\u00f3w kilku pokole\u0144 Polak\u00f3w i pracy wielu \u015brodowisk politycznych. Za ojca II Rzeczypospolitej uchodzi J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski, tw\u00f3rca legion\u00f3w i pierwszy Naczelnik Pa\u0144stwa. 5 grudnia obchodzimy 150-lecie jego urodzin.

Pi\u0142sudski pochodzi\u0142 z rodziny ziemia\u0144skiej, w kt\u00f3rej piel\u0119gnowano tradycje niepodleg\u0142o\u015bciowe. W dzia\u0142alno\u015b\u0107 polityczn\u0105 zaanga\u017cowa\u0142 si\u0119 jeszcze w czasach studi\u00f3w w Charkowie, z kt\u00f3rych zosta\u0142 wydalony za udzia\u0142 w protestach studenckich w 1885 roku. Dwa lata p\u00f3\u017aniej Pi\u0142sudski zosta\u0142 aresztowany pod zarzutem udzia\u0142u w spisku zmierzaj\u0105cym do obalenia cara Aleksandra II i zes\u0142any na pi\u0119\u0107 lat na Syberi\u0119.

Wkr\u00f3tce po powrocie ze zsy\u0142ki, Pi\u0142sudski wst\u0105pi\u0142 do Polskiej Partii Socjalistycznej. Jako jeden z przyw\u00f3dc\u00f3w partii zosta\u0142 ponownie aresztowany przez w\u0142adze rosyjskie i trafi\u0142 do wi\u0119zienia w os\u0142awionej Cytadeli Warszawskiej.\u00a0

W chwili wybuchu Wielkiej Wojny utworzy\u0142 Legiony Polskie i stan\u0105\u0142 na ich czele. Wraz z nimi wkroczy\u0142 na tereny zaboru rosyjskiego. Kiedy w roku 1917 w\u0142adze austro-w\u0119gierskie za\u017c\u0105da\u0142y od legionist\u00f3w z\u0142o\u017cenia przysi\u0119gi na wierno\u015b\u0107 monarchom zaborc\u00f3w Polski, odm\u00f3wi\u0142 wraz z wi\u0119kszo\u015bci\u0105 legionist\u00f3w z\u0142o\u017cenia przysi\u0119gi. Pi\u0142sudskiego aresztowano i osadzono w twierdzy w Magdeburgu, gdzie przebywa\u0142 do listopada 1918 roku.

Po kl\u0119sce Niemiec zwolniony z wi\u0119zienia Pi\u0142sudski przyby\u0142 do Warszawy \u2013 Rada Regencyjna, \u00f3wczesna najwy\u017csza w\u0142adza pa\u0144stwowa na terenach d. Kr\u00f3lestwa Polskiego okupowanego przez wojska tzw. pa\u0144stw centralnych powierzy\u0142a mu naczelne dow\u00f3dztwo nad polskimi wojskami oraz misj\u0119 kierowania wyzwolonym pa\u0144stwem polskim. Funkcj\u0119 Tymczasowego Naczelnika Pa\u0144stwa otrzyma\u0142 oficjalnie 22 listopada 1918 roku. Sprawowa\u0142 j\u0105 do grudnia 1922 roku, kiedy wybrany zosta\u0142 pierwszy prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, Gabriel Narutowicz. W latach 1919-1921 Pi\u0142sudski by\u0142 zaanga\u017cowany w obron\u0119 odzyskanej przez Polsk\u0119 niepodleg\u0142o\u015bci \u2013 jako w\u00f3dz naczelny by\u0142 architektem zwyci\u0119stw polskich oddzia\u0142\u00f3w w walkach o granice Niepodleg\u0142ej, w tym w wojnie polsko-bolszewickiej. Bitwa Warszawska 1920 roku by\u0142a jedn\u0105 z najwi\u0119kszych i prze\u0142omowych bitew w historii \u2013 polskie zwyci\u0119stwo zatrzyma\u0142o marsz bolszewickiej rewolucji na zach\u00f3d Europy.\u00a0

W roku 1923 wycofa\u0142 si\u0119 z czynnego \u017cycia politycznego, jednak nie zgadzaj\u0105c si\u0119 na kierunek rozwoju sytuacji politycznej w maju 1926 roku na czele wiernych sobie oddzia\u0142\u00f3w wkroczy\u0142 do Warszawy i po trzydniowych walkach doprowadzi\u0142 do zmiany \u00f3wczesnych w\u0142adz. W nast\u0119pnych latach sprawowa\u0142 m.in. funkcje ministra spraw wojskowych i premiera. W polityce zagranicznej Pi\u0142sudski d\u0105\u017cy\u0142 do utrzymania dobrych stosunk\u00f3w z zachodni\u0105 Europ\u0105.

\u015amier\u0107 J\u00f3zefa Pi\u0142sudskiego 12 maja 1935 roku zaskoczy\u0142a ca\u0142y nar\u00f3d, a jego pogrzeb sta\u0142 si\u0119 ogromn\u0105 manifestacj\u0105 narodow\u0105, oddaj\u0105c\u0105 ho\u0142d ojcu Niepodleg\u0142ej. Cia\u0142o zosta\u0142o pochowane w krypcie na Wawelu, gdzie spoczywaj\u0105 kr\u00f3lowie, m\u0119\u017cowie stanu i najwybitniejsi Polacy. Serce za\u015b – zgodnie z pozostawionym przez niego testamentem – umieszczono w srebrnej urnie i przewieziono do Wilna, gdzie spocz\u0119\u0142o w grobie jego matki na cmentarzu na Rossie.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 Di 05.12.2017 18.00 UhrPolnisches Institut D\u00fcsseldorf, Citadellstr. 7 Anl\u00e4sslich des 150. Jahrestages\u00a0des Geburtstages von J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski\u00a0l\u00e4dt das Polnische Institut D\u00fcsseldorf herzlich zum Vortrag\u00a0und zur Ausstellung\u00a0\u201eJ\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski \u2013 Staatsmann Polens\u00a0und Europas\u201c\u00a0am Dienstag, 5.12.2017, um 18.00 Uhr\u00a0ins Polnischen Institut D\u00fcsseldorf ein.\u00a0 Begr\u00fcssungWojciech J. Poczachowski,\u00a0Direktor des Polnischen Instituts D\u00fcsseldorf VortragWojciech Markert,\u00a0J\u00f3zef\u2013Pi\u0142sudski\u2013Museum in Sulej\u00f3wek\u00a0http:\/\/www.muzeumpilsudski.pl\/ Ausstellung\u201eJ\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski \u2013 Staatsmann\u00a0Polens […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":103,"featured_media":7687,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7686","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-geschichteunddiskussionen"],"yoast_head":"\nJ\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski - Staatsmann Polens und Europas, wurde vor 150 Jahren geboren - Instytut Polski w Dusseldorfie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/2017\/12\/05\/jozef-pilsudski-staatsmann-polens-und-europas-wurde-vor-150-jahren-geboren\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski - Staatsmann Polens und Europas, wurde vor 150 Jahren geboren - Instytut Polski w Dusseldorfie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00a0 Di 05.12.2017 18.00 UhrPolnisches Institut D\u00fcsseldorf, Citadellstr. 7 Anl\u00e4sslich des 150. 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Jahrestages\u00a0des Geburtstages von J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski\u00a0l\u00e4dt das Polnische Institut D\u00fcsseldorf herzlich zum Vortrag\u00a0und zur Ausstellung\u00a0\u201eJ\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski \u2013 Staatsmann Polens\u00a0und Europas\u201c\u00a0am Dienstag, 5.12.2017, um 18.00 Uhr\u00a0ins Polnischen Institut D\u00fcsseldorf ein.\u00a0Begr\u00fcssungWojciech J. Poczachowski,\u00a0Direktor des Polnischen Instituts D\u00fcsseldorfVortragWojciech Markert,\u00a0J\u00f3zef\u2013Pi\u0142sudski\u2013Museum in Sulej\u00f3wek\u00a0http:\/\/www.muzeumpilsudski.pl\/Ausstellung\u201eJ\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski \u2013 Staatsmann\u00a0Polens und Europas\u201c\u00a0f\u00fcr das Ausw\u00e4rtige Amt der Republik\u00a0Polen vom J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski Museumin Sulej\u00f3wek konzipiert.150th anniversary of the birth of J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudskiJ\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski, the architect of independence in 1918 and one of the most outstanding statesmen in Polish history, was born on December 5th 1867 in Zu\u0142\u00f3w, in the Vilnius region. His achievements and political concepts have been a source of inspiration and heated disputes for politicians, publicists and historians in Poland.Regaining independence in 1918 was the result of the efforts of several generations of Poles and the work of many political circles. J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski, the founder of the legions and the first head of state, is regarded as the true father of the Second Polish Republic. On December 5th, we celebrate the 150th anniversary of his birth.Pilsudski was born into a landowning family, in which the independence traditions were cultivated. He became involved in political activities even while he was studying in Kharkov, from where he was expelled for participating in student protests in 1885. Two years later Pilsudski was arrested on charges of involvement in a plot to overthrow Tsar Alexander II and was deported to Siberia for five years.Shortly after his return from exile, Pi\u0142sudski joined the Polish Socialist Party. As one of the party's leaders, he was arrested again by the Russian authorities and sent to prison in the infamous Warsaw Citadel. At the outbreak of the Great War, he established the Polish Legions and stood at their helm, leading the Legions into territory partitioned by Russia. In 1917 the Austria-Hungary leadership demanded that the members of the Legions take an oath of loyalty to the Emperor. When he refused, along with the majority of his brothers in arms, Pilsudski was arrested and imprisoned in a fortress in Magdeburg, where he was kept until November 1918.After the defeat of Germany, Pilsudski was released from prison and he came to Warsaw, where the Regency Council, the erstwhile highest state body in the territory of the former Polish Kingdom occupied by the so-called Central Powers, entrusted him with the supreme command of the Polish troops and the mission of creating a national government in the liberated state. On November 22, 1918, he received the official function of the Temporary Head of State - he held this function until December 1922, when the first president of the Republic of Poland, Gabriel Narutowicz, was elected. In the years 1919-1921, Pi\u0142sudski was involved in the defence of Poland's regained independence \u2013 as the commander-in-chief he was the architect of the victories of Polish troops in the battles for the borders of independent Poland, including the Polish-Bolshevik war. The Battle of Warsaw 1920 was one of the greatest and ground-breaking battles in history \u2013the Polish victory halted the march of the Bolshevik revolution to the west of Europe.In 1923 he withdrew from active political life. However, in May 1926, upon disagreeing with the direction of political developments, he led troops loyal to him into Warsaw and after three days of fighting effectively forced the resignation of the regime. In the following years his functions included minister of military affairs and prime minister. In foreign policy, Pilsudski sought to maintain good relations with Western Europe.The death of J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski on May 12th 1935, surprised the entire nation, and his funeral became an enormous national manifestation paying homage to the father of the independent Polish state. His body was buried in the crypt on the Wawel, where kings, statesmen and the most prominent Poles are laid to rest. His heart - in accordance with the testament left by him - was placed in a silver urn and transported to Vilnius, where it is buried in his mother's grave in the Rossa Cemetery.***150. rocznica urodzin Marsza\u0142ka J\u00f3zefa Pi\u0142sudskiegoJ\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski, architekt niepodleg\u0142o\u015bci 1918 roku i jeden z najwybitniejszych m\u0119\u017c\u00f3w stanu w historii Polski, przyszed\u0142 na \u015bwiat 5 grudnia 1867 roku w Zu\u0142owie na Wile\u0144szczy\u017anie. Jego zas\u0142ugi i koncepcje polityczne do dzi\u015b stanowi\u0105 w Polsce \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142o inspiracji dla polityk\u00f3w oraz \u017cywych spor\u00f3w w\u015br\u00f3d publicyst\u00f3w i historyk\u00f3w.Odzyskanie niepodleg\u0142o\u015bci w 1918 roku by\u0142o efektem wysi\u0142k\u00f3w kilku pokole\u0144 Polak\u00f3w i pracy wielu \u015brodowisk politycznych. Za ojca II Rzeczypospolitej uchodzi J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski, tw\u00f3rca legion\u00f3w i pierwszy Naczelnik Pa\u0144stwa. 5 grudnia obchodzimy 150-lecie jego urodzin.Pi\u0142sudski pochodzi\u0142 z rodziny ziemia\u0144skiej, w kt\u00f3rej piel\u0119gnowano tradycje niepodleg\u0142o\u015bciowe. W dzia\u0142alno\u015b\u0107 polityczn\u0105 zaanga\u017cowa\u0142 si\u0119 jeszcze w czasach studi\u00f3w w Charkowie, z kt\u00f3rych zosta\u0142 wydalony za udzia\u0142 w protestach studenckich w 1885 roku. Dwa lata p\u00f3\u017aniej Pi\u0142sudski zosta\u0142 aresztowany pod zarzutem udzia\u0142u w spisku zmierzaj\u0105cym do obalenia cara Aleksandra II i zes\u0142any na pi\u0119\u0107 lat na Syberi\u0119.Wkr\u00f3tce po powrocie ze zsy\u0142ki, Pi\u0142sudski wst\u0105pi\u0142 do Polskiej Partii Socjalistycznej. Jako jeden z przyw\u00f3dc\u00f3w partii zosta\u0142 ponownie aresztowany przez w\u0142adze rosyjskie i trafi\u0142 do wi\u0119zienia w os\u0142awionej Cytadeli Warszawskiej.\u00a0W chwili wybuchu Wielkiej Wojny utworzy\u0142 Legiony Polskie i stan\u0105\u0142 na ich czele. Wraz z nimi wkroczy\u0142 na tereny zaboru rosyjskiego. Kiedy w roku 1917 w\u0142adze austro-w\u0119gierskie za\u017c\u0105da\u0142y od legionist\u00f3w z\u0142o\u017cenia przysi\u0119gi na wierno\u015b\u0107 monarchom zaborc\u00f3w Polski, odm\u00f3wi\u0142 wraz z wi\u0119kszo\u015bci\u0105 legionist\u00f3w z\u0142o\u017cenia przysi\u0119gi. Pi\u0142sudskiego aresztowano i osadzono w twierdzy w Magdeburgu, gdzie przebywa\u0142 do listopada 1918 roku.Po kl\u0119sce Niemiec zwolniony z wi\u0119zienia Pi\u0142sudski przyby\u0142 do Warszawy \u2013 Rada Regencyjna, \u00f3wczesna najwy\u017csza w\u0142adza pa\u0144stwowa na terenach d. Kr\u00f3lestwa Polskiego okupowanego przez wojska tzw. pa\u0144stw centralnych powierzy\u0142a mu naczelne dow\u00f3dztwo nad polskimi wojskami oraz misj\u0119 kierowania wyzwolonym pa\u0144stwem polskim. Funkcj\u0119 Tymczasowego Naczelnika Pa\u0144stwa otrzyma\u0142 oficjalnie 22 listopada 1918 roku. Sprawowa\u0142 j\u0105 do grudnia 1922 roku, kiedy wybrany zosta\u0142 pierwszy prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, Gabriel Narutowicz. W latach 1919-1921 Pi\u0142sudski by\u0142 zaanga\u017cowany w obron\u0119 odzyskanej przez Polsk\u0119 niepodleg\u0142o\u015bci \u2013 jako w\u00f3dz naczelny by\u0142 architektem zwyci\u0119stw polskich oddzia\u0142\u00f3w w walkach o granice Niepodleg\u0142ej, w tym w wojnie polsko-bolszewickiej. Bitwa Warszawska 1920 roku by\u0142a jedn\u0105 z najwi\u0119kszych i prze\u0142omowych bitew w historii \u2013 polskie zwyci\u0119stwo zatrzyma\u0142o marsz bolszewickiej rewolucji na zach\u00f3d Europy.\u00a0W roku 1923 wycofa\u0142 si\u0119 z czynnego \u017cycia politycznego, jednak nie zgadzaj\u0105c si\u0119 na kierunek rozwoju sytuacji politycznej w maju 1926 roku na czele wiernych sobie oddzia\u0142\u00f3w wkroczy\u0142 do Warszawy i po trzydniowych walkach doprowadzi\u0142 do zmiany \u00f3wczesnych w\u0142adz. W nast\u0119pnych latach sprawowa\u0142 m.in. funkcje ministra spraw wojskowych i premiera. W polityce zagranicznej Pi\u0142sudski d\u0105\u017cy\u0142 do utrzymania dobrych stosunk\u00f3w z zachodni\u0105 Europ\u0105.\u015amier\u0107 J\u00f3zefa Pi\u0142sudskiego 12 maja 1935 roku zaskoczy\u0142a ca\u0142y nar\u00f3d, a jego pogrzeb sta\u0142 si\u0119 ogromn\u0105 manifestacj\u0105 narodow\u0105, oddaj\u0105c\u0105 ho\u0142d ojcu Niepodleg\u0142ej. Cia\u0142o zosta\u0142o pochowane w krypcie na Wawelu, gdzie spoczywaj\u0105 kr\u00f3lowie, m\u0119\u017cowie stanu i najwybitniejsi Polacy. Serce za\u015b - zgodnie z pozostawionym przez niego testamentem - umieszczono w srebrnej urnie i przewieziono do Wilna, gdzie spocz\u0119\u0142o w grobie jego matki na cmentarzu na Rossie.\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/2017\/12\/05\/jozef-pilsudski-staatsmann-polens-und-europas-wurde-vor-150-jahren-geboren\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/10\/Jozef-Pilsudski.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/10\/Jozef-Pilsudski.jpg\",\"width\":524,\"height\":293},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/2017\/12\/05\/jozef-pilsudski-staatsmann-polens-und-europas-wurde-vor-150-jahren-geboren\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski – Staatsmann Polens und Europas, wurde vor 150 Jahren geboren\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/\",\"name\":\"Instytut Polski w Dusseldorfie\",\"description\":\"Instytuty Polskie\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/#\/schema\/person\/6b4b76776c5d49a1eb862046e311998e\",\"name\":\"kolinskia\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9bb79075402c1d25f1e9e4e8260c2d13?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9bb79075402c1d25f1e9e4e8260c2d13?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"kolinskia\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/author\/kolinskia\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski - Staatsmann Polens und Europas, wurde vor 150 Jahren geboren - Instytut Polski w Dusseldorfie","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/2017\/12\/05\/jozef-pilsudski-staatsmann-polens-und-europas-wurde-vor-150-jahren-geboren\/","og_locale":"pl_PL","og_type":"article","og_title":"J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski - Staatsmann Polens und Europas, wurde vor 150 Jahren geboren - Instytut Polski w Dusseldorfie","og_description":"\u00a0 Di 05.12.2017 18.00 UhrPolnisches Institut D\u00fcsseldorf, Citadellstr. 7 Anl\u00e4sslich des 150. Jahrestages\u00a0des Geburtstages von J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski\u00a0l\u00e4dt das Polnische Institut D\u00fcsseldorf herzlich zum Vortrag\u00a0und zur Ausstellung\u00a0\u201eJ\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski \u2013 Staatsmann Polens\u00a0und Europas\u201c\u00a0am Dienstag, 5.12.2017, um 18.00 Uhr\u00a0ins Polnischen Institut D\u00fcsseldorf ein.\u00a0 Begr\u00fcssungWojciech J. Poczachowski,\u00a0Direktor des Polnischen Instituts D\u00fcsseldorf VortragWojciech Markert,\u00a0J\u00f3zef\u2013Pi\u0142sudski\u2013Museum in Sulej\u00f3wek\u00a0http:\/\/www.muzeumpilsudski.pl\/ Ausstellung\u201eJ\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski \u2013 Staatsmann\u00a0Polens […]","og_url":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/2017\/12\/05\/jozef-pilsudski-staatsmann-polens-und-europas-wurde-vor-150-jahren-geboren\/","og_site_name":"Instytut Polski w Dusseldorfie","article_published_time":"2017-12-05T13:56:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-10-12T12:58:52+00:00","og_image":[{"width":524,"height":293,"url":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/10\/Jozef-Pilsudski.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"kolinskia","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Napisane przez":"kolinskia","Szacowany czas czytania":"8 minut"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"event","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/2017\/12\/05\/jozef-pilsudski-staatsmann-polens-und-europas-wurde-vor-150-jahren-geboren\/","url":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/2017\/12\/05\/jozef-pilsudski-staatsmann-polens-und-europas-wurde-vor-150-jahren-geboren\/","name":"J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski - Staatsmann Polens und Europas, wurde vor 150 Jahren geboren","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/2017\/12\/05\/jozef-pilsudski-staatsmann-polens-und-europas-wurde-vor-150-jahren-geboren\/#primaryimage"},"image":["https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/10\/Jozef-Pilsudski.jpg","https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/10\/Jozef-Pilsudski-300x168.jpg","https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/10\/Jozef-Pilsudski.jpg","https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/10\/Jozef-Pilsudski.jpg"],"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/10\/Jozef-Pilsudski.jpg","datePublished":"2017-12-05T13:56:00+02:00","dateModified":"2022-10-12T12:58:52+02:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/#\/schema\/person\/6b4b76776c5d49a1eb862046e311998e"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/2017\/12\/05\/jozef-pilsudski-staatsmann-polens-und-europas-wurde-vor-150-jahren-geboren\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pl-PL","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/2017\/12\/05\/jozef-pilsudski-staatsmann-polens-und-europas-wurde-vor-150-jahren-geboren\/"]}],"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","startDate":"2017-12-05","endDate":"2017-12-05","eventStatus":"EventScheduled","eventAttendanceMode":"OfflineEventAttendanceMode","location":{"@type":"place","name":"","address":"","geo":{"@type":"GeoCoordinates","latitude":"","longitude":""}},"description":"\u00a0\nDi 05.12.2017 18.00 UhrPolnisches Institut D\u00fcsseldorf, Citadellstr. 7\nAnl\u00e4sslich des 150. Jahrestages\u00a0des Geburtstages von J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski\u00a0l\u00e4dt das Polnische Institut D\u00fcsseldorf herzlich zum Vortrag\u00a0und zur Ausstellung\u00a0\u201eJ\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski \u2013 Staatsmann Polens\u00a0und Europas\u201c\u00a0am Dienstag, 5.12.2017, um 18.00 Uhr\u00a0ins Polnischen Institut D\u00fcsseldorf ein.\u00a0Begr\u00fcssungWojciech J. Poczachowski,\u00a0Direktor des Polnischen Instituts D\u00fcsseldorfVortragWojciech Markert,\u00a0J\u00f3zef\u2013Pi\u0142sudski\u2013Museum in Sulej\u00f3wek\u00a0http:\/\/www.muzeumpilsudski.pl\/Ausstellung\u201eJ\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski \u2013 Staatsmann\u00a0Polens und Europas\u201c\u00a0f\u00fcr das Ausw\u00e4rtige Amt der Republik\u00a0Polen vom J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski Museumin Sulej\u00f3wek konzipiert.150th anniversary of the birth of J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudskiJ\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski, the architect of independence in 1918 and one of the most outstanding statesmen in Polish history, was born on December 5th 1867 in Zu\u0142\u00f3w, in the Vilnius region. His achievements and political concepts have been a source of inspiration and heated disputes for politicians, publicists and historians in Poland.Regaining independence in 1918 was the result of the efforts of several generations of Poles and the work of many political circles. J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski, the founder of the legions and the first head of state, is regarded as the true father of the Second Polish Republic. On December 5th, we celebrate the 150th anniversary of his birth.Pilsudski was born into a landowning family, in which the independence traditions were cultivated. He became involved in political activities even while he was studying in Kharkov, from where he was expelled for participating in student protests in 1885. Two years later Pilsudski was arrested on charges of involvement in a plot to overthrow Tsar Alexander II and was deported to Siberia for five years.Shortly after his return from exile, Pi\u0142sudski joined the Polish Socialist Party. As one of the party's leaders, he was arrested again by the Russian authorities and sent to prison in the infamous Warsaw Citadel. At the outbreak of the Great War, he established the Polish Legions and stood at their helm, leading the Legions into territory partitioned by Russia. In 1917 the Austria-Hungary leadership demanded that the members of the Legions take an oath of loyalty to the Emperor. When he refused, along with the majority of his brothers in arms, Pilsudski was arrested and imprisoned in a fortress in Magdeburg, where he was kept until November 1918.After the defeat of Germany, Pilsudski was released from prison and he came to Warsaw, where the Regency Council, the erstwhile highest state body in the territory of the former Polish Kingdom occupied by the so-called Central Powers, entrusted him with the supreme command of the Polish troops and the mission of creating a national government in the liberated state. On November 22, 1918, he received the official function of the Temporary Head of State - he held this function until December 1922, when the first president of the Republic of Poland, Gabriel Narutowicz, was elected. In the years 1919-1921, Pi\u0142sudski was involved in the defence of Poland's regained independence \u2013 as the commander-in-chief he was the architect of the victories of Polish troops in the battles for the borders of independent Poland, including the Polish-Bolshevik war. The Battle of Warsaw 1920 was one of the greatest and ground-breaking battles in history \u2013the Polish victory halted the march of the Bolshevik revolution to the west of Europe.In 1923 he withdrew from active political life. However, in May 1926, upon disagreeing with the direction of political developments, he led troops loyal to him into Warsaw and after three days of fighting effectively forced the resignation of the regime. In the following years his functions included minister of military affairs and prime minister. In foreign policy, Pilsudski sought to maintain good relations with Western Europe.The death of J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski on May 12th 1935, surprised the entire nation, and his funeral became an enormous national manifestation paying homage to the father of the independent Polish state. His body was buried in the crypt on the Wawel, where kings, statesmen and the most prominent Poles are laid to rest. His heart - in accordance with the testament left by him - was placed in a silver urn and transported to Vilnius, where it is buried in his mother's grave in the Rossa Cemetery.***150. rocznica urodzin Marsza\u0142ka J\u00f3zefa Pi\u0142sudskiegoJ\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski, architekt niepodleg\u0142o\u015bci 1918 roku i jeden z najwybitniejszych m\u0119\u017c\u00f3w stanu w historii Polski, przyszed\u0142 na \u015bwiat 5 grudnia 1867 roku w Zu\u0142owie na Wile\u0144szczy\u017anie. Jego zas\u0142ugi i koncepcje polityczne do dzi\u015b stanowi\u0105 w Polsce \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142o inspiracji dla polityk\u00f3w oraz \u017cywych spor\u00f3w w\u015br\u00f3d publicyst\u00f3w i historyk\u00f3w.Odzyskanie niepodleg\u0142o\u015bci w 1918 roku by\u0142o efektem wysi\u0142k\u00f3w kilku pokole\u0144 Polak\u00f3w i pracy wielu \u015brodowisk politycznych. Za ojca II Rzeczypospolitej uchodzi J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski, tw\u00f3rca legion\u00f3w i pierwszy Naczelnik Pa\u0144stwa. 5 grudnia obchodzimy 150-lecie jego urodzin.Pi\u0142sudski pochodzi\u0142 z rodziny ziemia\u0144skiej, w kt\u00f3rej piel\u0119gnowano tradycje niepodleg\u0142o\u015bciowe. W dzia\u0142alno\u015b\u0107 polityczn\u0105 zaanga\u017cowa\u0142 si\u0119 jeszcze w czasach studi\u00f3w w Charkowie, z kt\u00f3rych zosta\u0142 wydalony za udzia\u0142 w protestach studenckich w 1885 roku. Dwa lata p\u00f3\u017aniej Pi\u0142sudski zosta\u0142 aresztowany pod zarzutem udzia\u0142u w spisku zmierzaj\u0105cym do obalenia cara Aleksandra II i zes\u0142any na pi\u0119\u0107 lat na Syberi\u0119.Wkr\u00f3tce po powrocie ze zsy\u0142ki, Pi\u0142sudski wst\u0105pi\u0142 do Polskiej Partii Socjalistycznej. Jako jeden z przyw\u00f3dc\u00f3w partii zosta\u0142 ponownie aresztowany przez w\u0142adze rosyjskie i trafi\u0142 do wi\u0119zienia w os\u0142awionej Cytadeli Warszawskiej.\u00a0W chwili wybuchu Wielkiej Wojny utworzy\u0142 Legiony Polskie i stan\u0105\u0142 na ich czele. Wraz z nimi wkroczy\u0142 na tereny zaboru rosyjskiego. Kiedy w roku 1917 w\u0142adze austro-w\u0119gierskie za\u017c\u0105da\u0142y od legionist\u00f3w z\u0142o\u017cenia przysi\u0119gi na wierno\u015b\u0107 monarchom zaborc\u00f3w Polski, odm\u00f3wi\u0142 wraz z wi\u0119kszo\u015bci\u0105 legionist\u00f3w z\u0142o\u017cenia przysi\u0119gi. Pi\u0142sudskiego aresztowano i osadzono w twierdzy w Magdeburgu, gdzie przebywa\u0142 do listopada 1918 roku.Po kl\u0119sce Niemiec zwolniony z wi\u0119zienia Pi\u0142sudski przyby\u0142 do Warszawy \u2013 Rada Regencyjna, \u00f3wczesna najwy\u017csza w\u0142adza pa\u0144stwowa na terenach d. Kr\u00f3lestwa Polskiego okupowanego przez wojska tzw. pa\u0144stw centralnych powierzy\u0142a mu naczelne dow\u00f3dztwo nad polskimi wojskami oraz misj\u0119 kierowania wyzwolonym pa\u0144stwem polskim. Funkcj\u0119 Tymczasowego Naczelnika Pa\u0144stwa otrzyma\u0142 oficjalnie 22 listopada 1918 roku. Sprawowa\u0142 j\u0105 do grudnia 1922 roku, kiedy wybrany zosta\u0142 pierwszy prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, Gabriel Narutowicz. W latach 1919-1921 Pi\u0142sudski by\u0142 zaanga\u017cowany w obron\u0119 odzyskanej przez Polsk\u0119 niepodleg\u0142o\u015bci \u2013 jako w\u00f3dz naczelny by\u0142 architektem zwyci\u0119stw polskich oddzia\u0142\u00f3w w walkach o granice Niepodleg\u0142ej, w tym w wojnie polsko-bolszewickiej. Bitwa Warszawska 1920 roku by\u0142a jedn\u0105 z najwi\u0119kszych i prze\u0142omowych bitew w historii \u2013 polskie zwyci\u0119stwo zatrzyma\u0142o marsz bolszewickiej rewolucji na zach\u00f3d Europy.\u00a0W roku 1923 wycofa\u0142 si\u0119 z czynnego \u017cycia politycznego, jednak nie zgadzaj\u0105c si\u0119 na kierunek rozwoju sytuacji politycznej w maju 1926 roku na czele wiernych sobie oddzia\u0142\u00f3w wkroczy\u0142 do Warszawy i po trzydniowych walkach doprowadzi\u0142 do zmiany \u00f3wczesnych w\u0142adz. W nast\u0119pnych latach sprawowa\u0142 m.in. funkcje ministra spraw wojskowych i premiera. W polityce zagranicznej Pi\u0142sudski d\u0105\u017cy\u0142 do utrzymania dobrych stosunk\u00f3w z zachodni\u0105 Europ\u0105.\u015amier\u0107 J\u00f3zefa Pi\u0142sudskiego 12 maja 1935 roku zaskoczy\u0142a ca\u0142y nar\u00f3d, a jego pogrzeb sta\u0142 si\u0119 ogromn\u0105 manifestacj\u0105 narodow\u0105, oddaj\u0105c\u0105 ho\u0142d ojcu Niepodleg\u0142ej. Cia\u0142o zosta\u0142o pochowane w krypcie na Wawelu, gdzie spoczywaj\u0105 kr\u00f3lowie, m\u0119\u017cowie stanu i najwybitniejsi Polacy. Serce za\u015b - zgodnie z pozostawionym przez niego testamentem - umieszczono w srebrnej urnie i przewieziono do Wilna, gdzie spocz\u0119\u0142o w grobie jego matki na cmentarzu na Rossie."},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/2017\/12\/05\/jozef-pilsudski-staatsmann-polens-und-europas-wurde-vor-150-jahren-geboren\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/10\/Jozef-Pilsudski.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/10\/Jozef-Pilsudski.jpg","width":524,"height":293},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/2017\/12\/05\/jozef-pilsudski-staatsmann-polens-und-europas-wurde-vor-150-jahren-geboren\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski – Staatsmann Polens und Europas, wurde vor 150 Jahren geboren"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/#website","url":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/","name":"Instytut Polski w Dusseldorfie","description":"Instytuty Polskie","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"pl-PL"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/#\/schema\/person\/6b4b76776c5d49a1eb862046e311998e","name":"kolinskia","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9bb79075402c1d25f1e9e4e8260c2d13?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9bb79075402c1d25f1e9e4e8260c2d13?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"kolinskia"},"url":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/author\/kolinskia\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7686","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/103"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7686"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7686\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7688,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7686\/revisions\/7688"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7687"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7686"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7686"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/duesseldorf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7686"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}