{"id":15448,"date":"2025-01-27T16:55:18","date_gmt":"2025-01-27T15:55:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/?p=15448"},"modified":"2025-05-08T17:37:58","modified_gmt":"2025-05-08T15:37:58","slug":"papusza-bronislawa-wajs-with-emilia-kledzik-encounters-with-polish-literature","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/2025\/01\/27\/papusza-bronislawa-wajs-with-emilia-kledzik-encounters-with-polish-literature\/","title":{"rendered":"Papusza (Bronis\u0142awa Wajs) \u2013 Encounters with Polish Literature"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NlGe3cgpgRk\">S5E2<\/a> and all video recordings are available on&nbsp;our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@polishculturalinstituteinn5072\">YouTube<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2025\/01\/papusza-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17379\" srcset=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2025\/01\/papusza-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2025\/01\/papusza-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2025\/01\/papusza-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2025\/01\/papusza-1120x630.jpg 1120w, https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2025\/01\/papusza.jpg 1324w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:39px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Encounters with Polish Literature<\/strong>&nbsp;is a video series for anyone interested in literature and the culture of books and reading. Each month, host&nbsp;<strong>David A. Goldfarb<\/strong>&nbsp;will present a new topic in conversation with an expert on that author or book or movement in Polish literature.&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/encounters-with-polish-literature\">More about the Encounters with Polish Literature series<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;and the timeline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bronis\u0142awa Wajs<\/strong>, known most widely as <strong>Papusza<\/strong> (1908-87) is Poland\u2019s, and arguably the world\u2019s, most well-known Roma poet, though little of her work has been translated into English until recently, and most translations into languages other than Polish have been secondary translations from Polish. She was born in Sitaniec, a village in Eastern Poland near Lublin and Zamo\u015b\u0107, survived World War II in Volhynia, and like many Poles from the region that became Soviet Ukraine after the war, she was relocated to the \u201crecovered territories\u201d that had belonged to the Germans before the war in western Poland. Poet and researcher Jerzy Ficowski introduced her to the Polish-language audience beginning in 1949, and her poems in Ficowski\u2019s translation were championed by such poetic luminaries as Julian Tuwim and Julian Przybo\u015b. Her poetry has been described as \u201cepic,\u201d and though there is as a stereotype that Roma culture is static and folkloric, a number of ironic historical and political references can be found in her work. She has been the subject of a few films, most notably the feature biopic, <em>Papusza<\/em> (2013) directed by Joanna Kos-Krauze and Krzysztof Krauze, which won several festival awards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this episode, we look at some of the newly translated poems from Papusza\u2019s memoir of the Volhynia massacre of 1943-44, <em>Tears of Blood<\/em> and a separate poem ostensibly about mushrooms. We consider the problems of translating and studying Papusza\u2019s work, given the availability of materials, challenges posed by the language and existing editions, as well as methodological changes in how minority cultures are studied, and we discuss what some newly available letters reveal about her poems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:27px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Papusza in English Translation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Papusza \/ Bronis\u0142awa Wajs. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/brill.com\/display\/title\/63616?language=en\">Tears of Blood: A Poet\u2019s Witness Account of the Nazi Genocide of Roma<\/a><\/em>. Ed. Volha Bartash, Tomasz Kamusella, and Viktor Shapoval. Roma History and Culture, v. 4. Paderborn, Germany: Brill, 2024. Open Access PDF available for free, includes an essay in English by Emilia Kledzik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:31px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:29px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2025\/01\/WG-dr-emilia-kledzik-4-NOWY-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15450\" style=\"width:325px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2025\/01\/WG-dr-emilia-kledzik-4-NOWY-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2025\/01\/WG-dr-emilia-kledzik-4-NOWY-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2025\/01\/WG-dr-emilia-kledzik-4-NOWY-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2025\/01\/WG-dr-emilia-kledzik-4-NOWY.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:29px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Emilia Kledzik<\/strong>, dr hab., works at the Laboratory of Literary and Cultural Comparative Studies at the Faculty of Polish and Classical Philology of Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna\u0144. Author of the monograph <em>Perspektywa poety. Cyganologia Jerzego Ficowskiego<\/em> [<em>The Poet&#8217;s Perspective. Gypsy Studies of Jerzy Ficowski<\/em>] (Pozna\u0144 2023).&nbsp; Editor-in-chief of the journal on comparative studies <em>Por\u00f3wnania<\/em> [<em>Comparisons<\/em>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:29px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p>David A. Goldfarb, Host &amp; Producer<br>Bartek Remisko, Curator and Executive Producer<br>Natalia Iyudin, Producer<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-3 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-2 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p>Lead image: Papusza (Bronis\u0142awa Wajs) PAP\/CAF\/Z. Staszyszyn<br>Guest photo: Image courtesy of Emilia Kledzik<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:31px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"972\" height=\"472\" src=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2023\/05\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-10-at-10.12.09-AM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8461\" srcset=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2023\/05\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-10-at-10.12.09-AM.png 972w, https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2023\/05\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-10-at-10.12.09-AM-300x146.png 300w, https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2023\/05\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-10-at-10.12.09-AM-768x373.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 972px) 100vw, 972px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"224\" src=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2024\/02\/NTSH-A_LOGO_TRANSPARENT-1024x224.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10747\" style=\"width:388px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2024\/02\/NTSH-A_LOGO_TRANSPARENT-1024x224.png 1024w, https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2024\/02\/NTSH-A_LOGO_TRANSPARENT-300x66.png 300w, https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2024\/02\/NTSH-A_LOGO_TRANSPARENT-768x168.png 768w, https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2024\/02\/NTSH-A_LOGO_TRANSPARENT-1536x336.png 1536w, https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2024\/02\/NTSH-A_LOGO_TRANSPARENT.png 1614w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S5E2 and all video recordings are available on&nbsp;our YouTube. Encounters with Polish Literature&nbsp;is a video series for anyone interested in literature and the culture of books and reading. Each month, host&nbsp;David A. Goldfarb&nbsp;will present a new topic in conversation with an expert on that author or book or movement in Polish literature.&nbsp;More about the Encounters [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":202,"featured_media":15454,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15448","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-events","category-literature"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Papusza (Bronis\u0142awa Wajs) \u2013 Encounters with Polish Literature - Instytut Polski w Nowym Jorku<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/2025\/01\/27\/papusza-bronislawa-wajs-with-emilia-kledzik-encounters-with-polish-literature\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Papusza (Bronis\u0142awa Wajs) \u2013 Encounters with Polish Literature - Instytut Polski w Nowym Jorku\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"S5E2 and all video recordings are available on&nbsp;our YouTube. Encounters with Polish Literature&nbsp;is a video series for anyone interested in literature and the culture of books and reading. Each month, host&nbsp;David A. Goldfarb&nbsp;will present a new topic in conversation with an expert on that author or book or movement in Polish literature.&nbsp;More about the Encounters [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/2025\/01\/27\/papusza-bronislawa-wajs-with-emilia-kledzik-encounters-with-polish-literature\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Instytut Polski w Nowym Jorku\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-01-27T15:55:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-05-08T15:37:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2025\/01\/Encounters-Socials-2.psd-2.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"stypulkowskaa\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napisane przez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"stypulkowskaa\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minuty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"event\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/2025\/01\/27\/papusza-bronislawa-wajs-with-emilia-kledzik-encounters-with-polish-literature\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/2025\/01\/27\/papusza-bronislawa-wajs-with-emilia-kledzik-encounters-with-polish-literature\/\",\"name\":\"Papusza (Bronis\u0142awa Wajs) \u2013 Encounters with Polish Literature\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/2025\/01\/27\/papusza-bronislawa-wajs-with-emilia-kledzik-encounters-with-polish-literature\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":[\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2025\/01\/Encounters-Socials-2.psd-2.png\",\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2025\/01\/Encounters-Socials-2.psd-2-300x300.png\",\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2025\/01\/Encounters-Socials-2.psd-2-1024x1024.png\",\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2025\/01\/Encounters-Socials-2.psd-2.png\"],\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2025\/01\/Encounters-Socials-2.psd-2.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-01-27T15:55:18+02:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-05-08T15:37:58+02:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/#\/schema\/person\/c732b2695ee92026d080eec35471c7f1\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/2025\/01\/27\/papusza-bronislawa-wajs-with-emilia-kledzik-encounters-with-polish-literature\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/2025\/01\/27\/papusza-bronislawa-wajs-with-emilia-kledzik-encounters-with-polish-literature\/\"]}],\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"startDate\":\"2025-01-29\",\"endDate\":\"2025-02-28\",\"eventStatus\":\"EventScheduled\",\"eventAttendanceMode\":\"OfflineEventAttendanceMode\",\"location\":{\"@type\":\"place\",\"name\":\"\",\"address\":\"\",\"geo\":{\"@type\":\"GeoCoordinates\",\"latitude\":\"\",\"longitude\":\"\"}},\"description\":\"S5E2 and all video recordings are available on our YouTube.\\nEncounters with Polish Literature is a video series for anyone interested in literature and the culture of books and reading. Each month, host David A. Goldfarb will present a new topic in conversation with an expert on that author or book or movement in Polish literature. More about the Encounters with Polish Literature series and the timeline.\\nBronis\u0142awa Wajs, known most widely as Papusza (1908-87) is Poland\u2019s, and arguably the world\u2019s, most well-known Roma poet, though little of her work has been translated into English until recently, and most translations into languages other than Polish have been secondary translations from Polish. She was born in Sitaniec, a village in Eastern Poland near Lublin and Zamo\u015b\u0107, survived World War II in Volhynia, and like many Poles from the region that became Soviet Ukraine after the war, she was relocated to the \u201crecovered territories\u201d that had belonged to the Germans before the war in western Poland. Poet and researcher Jerzy Ficowski introduced her to the Polish-language audience beginning in 1949, and her poems in Ficowski\u2019s translation were championed by such poetic luminaries as Julian Tuwim and Julian Przybo\u015b. Her poetry has been described as \u201cepic,\u201d and though there is as a stereotype that Roma culture is static and folkloric, a number of ironic historical and political references can be found in her work. She has been the subject of a few films, most notably the feature biopic, Papusza (2013) directed by Joanna Kos-Krauze and Krzysztof Krauze, which won several festival awards.\\nIn this episode, we look at some of the newly translated poems from Papusza\u2019s memoir of the Volhynia massacre of 1943-44, Tears of Blood and a separate poem ostensibly about mushrooms. We consider the problems of translating and studying Papusza\u2019s work, given the availability of materials, challenges posed by the language and existing editions, as well as methodological changes in how minority cultures are studied, and we discuss what some newly available letters reveal about her poems.\\nPapusza in English Translation:\\nPapusza \/ Bronis\u0142awa Wajs. Tears of Blood: A Poet\u2019s Witness Account of the Nazi Genocide of Roma. Ed. Volha Bartash, Tomasz Kamusella, and Viktor Shapoval. Roma History and Culture, v. 4. Paderborn, Germany: Brill, 2024. Open Access PDF available for free, includes an essay in English by Emilia Kledzik.\\nEmilia Kledzik, dr hab., works at the Laboratory of Literary and Cultural Comparative Studies at the Faculty of Polish and Classical Philology of Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna\u0144. Author of the monograph Perspektywa poety. Cyganologia Jerzego Ficowskiego [The Poet's Perspective. Gypsy Studies of Jerzy Ficowski] (Pozna\u0144 2023).  Editor-in-chief of the journal on comparative studies Por\u00f3wnania [Comparisons].\\nDavid A. Goldfarb, Host &amp; ProducerBartek Remisko, Curator and Executive ProducerNatalia Iyudin, Producer\\nLead image: Papusza (Bronis\u0142awa Wajs) PAP\/CAF\/Z. 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Encounters with Polish Literature&nbsp;is a video series for anyone interested in literature and the culture of books and reading. Each month, host&nbsp;David A. 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Each month, host David A. Goldfarb will present a new topic in conversation with an expert on that author or book or movement in Polish literature. More about the Encounters with Polish Literature series and the timeline.\nBronis\u0142awa Wajs, known most widely as Papusza (1908-87) is Poland\u2019s, and arguably the world\u2019s, most well-known Roma poet, though little of her work has been translated into English until recently, and most translations into languages other than Polish have been secondary translations from Polish. She was born in Sitaniec, a village in Eastern Poland near Lublin and Zamo\u015b\u0107, survived World War II in Volhynia, and like many Poles from the region that became Soviet Ukraine after the war, she was relocated to the \u201crecovered territories\u201d that had belonged to the Germans before the war in western Poland. Poet and researcher Jerzy Ficowski introduced her to the Polish-language audience beginning in 1949, and her poems in Ficowski\u2019s translation were championed by such poetic luminaries as Julian Tuwim and Julian Przybo\u015b. Her poetry has been described as \u201cepic,\u201d and though there is as a stereotype that Roma culture is static and folkloric, a number of ironic historical and political references can be found in her work. She has been the subject of a few films, most notably the feature biopic, Papusza (2013) directed by Joanna Kos-Krauze and Krzysztof Krauze, which won several festival awards.\nIn this episode, we look at some of the newly translated poems from Papusza\u2019s memoir of the Volhynia massacre of 1943-44, Tears of Blood and a separate poem ostensibly about mushrooms. We consider the problems of translating and studying Papusza\u2019s work, given the availability of materials, challenges posed by the language and existing editions, as well as methodological changes in how minority cultures are studied, and we discuss what some newly available letters reveal about her poems.\nPapusza in English Translation:\nPapusza \/ Bronis\u0142awa Wajs. Tears of Blood: A Poet\u2019s Witness Account of the Nazi Genocide of Roma. Ed. Volha Bartash, Tomasz Kamusella, and Viktor Shapoval. Roma History and Culture, v. 4. Paderborn, Germany: Brill, 2024. Open Access PDF available for free, includes an essay in English by Emilia Kledzik.\nEmilia Kledzik, dr hab., works at the Laboratory of Literary and Cultural Comparative Studies at the Faculty of Polish and Classical Philology of Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna\u0144. Author of the monograph Perspektywa poety. Cyganologia Jerzego Ficowskiego [The Poet's Perspective. Gypsy Studies of Jerzy Ficowski] (Pozna\u0144 2023).  Editor-in-chief of the journal on comparative studies Por\u00f3wnania [Comparisons].\nDavid A. Goldfarb, Host &amp; ProducerBartek Remisko, Curator and Executive ProducerNatalia Iyudin, Producer\nLead image: Papusza (Bronis\u0142awa Wajs) PAP\/CAF\/Z. StaszyszynGuest photo: Image courtesy of Emilia Kledzik"},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/2025\/01\/27\/papusza-bronislawa-wajs-with-emilia-kledzik-encounters-with-polish-literature\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2025\/01\/Encounters-Socials-2.psd-2.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2025\/01\/Encounters-Socials-2.psd-2.png","width":1500,"height":1500},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/2025\/01\/27\/papusza-bronislawa-wajs-with-emilia-kledzik-encounters-with-polish-literature\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Papusza (Bronis\u0142awa Wajs) \u2013 Encounters with Polish Literature"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/#website","url":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/","name":"Instytut Polski w Nowym Jorku","description":"Instytuty Polskie","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"pl-PL"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/#\/schema\/person\/c732b2695ee92026d080eec35471c7f1","name":"stypulkowskaa","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a29bb1802c91e057084d5d112dd59dc4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a29bb1802c91e057084d5d112dd59dc4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"stypulkowskaa"},"url":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/author\/stypulkowskaa-2\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15448","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/202"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15448"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15448\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17381,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15448\/revisions\/17381"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15454"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15448"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15448"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/newyork\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15448"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}