{"id":405,"date":"2019-06-24T11:38:51","date_gmt":"2019-06-24T09:38:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/paryz\/?page_id=405"},"modified":"2020-06-02T17:28:16","modified_gmt":"2020-06-02T15:28:16","slug":"la-langue-polonaise","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/paris\/la-langue-polonaise\/","title":{"rendered":"La langue polonaise"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\"><u><b>La langue polonaise<\/b><\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Le polonais est la deuxi\u00e8me langue slave la plus parl\u00e9e au monde. Environ cinquante millions de personnes l&#8217;utilisent activement, et au moins dix millions en ont une connaissance passive. Le polonais est ainsi la plus grande langue slave de l&#8217;Union europ\u00e9enne, sa cinqui\u00e8me langue ethnique (<\/span><span style=\"color: #767676\">ex \u00e6quo<\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\"> avec le castillan espagnol, et apr\u00e8s l&#8217;allemand, l&#8217;anglais, le fran\u00e7ais et l&#8217;italien).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Le polonais appartient \u00e0 la famille des langues indo-europ\u00e9ennes et au groupe occidental de la branche slave (\u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 du tch\u00e8que, du slovaque, du cachoube, du bas sorabe, du haut sorabe et du polabien disparu).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">On estime qu\u2019un Polonais moyen conna\u00eet activement environ trente mille mots et en comprend passivement environ cent mille (sans les utiliser). Selon certains universitaires, il suffit de conna\u00eetre les mille deux cents mots les plus courants pour pouvoir parler polonais.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">L&#8217;alphabet polonais est bas\u00e9 sur l&#8217;alphabet latin et se compose de trente-deux lettres. Neuf lettres ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019aide de signes diacritiques (\u0105, \u0107, \u0119, \u0142, \u0144, \u00f3, \u015b, \u017a, \u017c). On distingue en plus dans la notation de la langue sept digrammes (signes doubles\u00a0: sz, rz, cz, ch, dz, d\u017c, d\u017c) et un trigramme (dzi).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Le polonais est une langue \u00e0 d\u00e9clinaisons. Les noms, adjectifs, participes adjectivaux et la plupart des pronoms se d\u00e9clinent. Les verbes sont de leur c\u00f4t\u00e9 conjugu\u00e9s selon les sujets, temps, modes, voix et nombres, ainsi que par des aspects.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">La phrase la plus ancienne en polonais dit : \u00ab\u00a0Daj, a\u0107 ja pobrucz\u0119, a ty poczywaj\u00a0\u00bb (\u00ab\u00a0Da\u00ef atch ya pobroutch\u00e8 a t\u00e9 potch\u00e9va\u00ef\u00a0\u00bb \/ &#8222;Laisse-moi moudre et toi, repose-toi&#8221;), et elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9crite en alphabet latin en 1270 \u00e0 Wroc\u0142aw (dans le <\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\"><i>Livre d&#8217;Henrykow<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\">, document inscrit dans le Registre de la M\u00e9moire du monde de l\u2019UNESCO). En 1285, lors du congr\u00e8s de \u0141\u0119czyca, il fut d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que le polonais serait utilis\u00e9 \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 du latin dans les \u00e9coles des monast\u00e8res et des cath\u00e9drales.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Le polonais a \u00e9t\u00e9 influenc\u00e9 par le latin, le grec, l&#8217;allemand, le tch\u00e8que, le ruth\u00e8ne, le turc, le fran\u00e7ais, l&#8217;italien, le russe, le hongrois et le yiddish. Actuellement, la plus grande influence exerc\u00e9e sur lui est celle de la lingua franca de notre temps &#8211; l&#8217;anglais.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Actuellement, on consid\u00e8re que les principaux dialectes de la langue polonaise sont ceux de Grande-Pologne, Petite-Pologne, Sil\u00e9sie, Mazovie, Che\u0142mno-Kociewie-Warmia, ainsi que ceux des anciens confins polonais (nord et sud).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Pour plus d\u2019informations :<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Guide multim\u00e9dia de la langue polonaise : http:\/\/multimediaguides.culture.pl\/multimediaguides\/alphabet\/the-polish-alphabet\/0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Poland.pl: https:\/\/poland.pl\/social-issues\/social\/polish-language-simple-language\/<\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Pour des informations sur les endroits dans le monde o\u00f9 vous pouvez apprendre le polonais et trouver des livres polonais, consulter la carte interactive\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0La Pologne \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur de la Pologne\u00a0\u00bb. https:\/\/polski.msz.gov.pl\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Diffusion de la langue polonaise \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9tranger : https:\/\/nawa.gov.pl\/jezyk-polski<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La langue polonaise Le polonais est la deuxi\u00e8me langue slave la plus parl\u00e9e au monde. Environ cinquante millions de personnes l&#8217;utilisent activement, et au moins dix millions en ont une connaissance passive. Le polonais est ainsi la plus grande langue slave de l&#8217;Union europ\u00e9enne, sa cinqui\u00e8me langue ethnique (ex \u00e6quo avec le castillan espagnol, et [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":490,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-405","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>La langue polonaise - Instytut Polski w Pary\u017cu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/paris\/la-langue-polonaise\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La langue polonaise - Instytut Polski w Pary\u017cu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La langue polonaise Le polonais est la deuxi\u00e8me langue slave la plus parl\u00e9e au monde. Environ cinquante millions de personnes l&#8217;utilisent activement, et au moins dix millions en ont une connaissance passive. Le polonais est ainsi la plus grande langue slave de l&#8217;Union europ\u00e9enne, sa cinqui\u00e8me langue ethnique (ex \u00e6quo avec le castillan espagnol, et [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/paris\/la-langue-polonaise\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Instytut Polski w Pary\u017cu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-06-02T15:28:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/paris\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2019\/06\/jezyk-polski.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"700\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minuty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/paris\/la-langue-polonaise\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/paris\/la-langue-polonaise\/\",\"name\":\"La langue polonaise - Instytut Polski w Pary\u017cu\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/paris\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/paris\/la-langue-polonaise\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/paris\/la-langue-polonaise\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/paris\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2019\/06\/jezyk-polski.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-06-24T09:38:51+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-06-02T15:28:16+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/paris\/la-langue-polonaise\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/paris\/la-langue-polonaise\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/paris\/la-langue-polonaise\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/paris\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2019\/06\/jezyk-polski.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/paris\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2019\/06\/jezyk-polski.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":700},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/paris\/la-langue-polonaise\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/paris\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"La langue polonaise\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/paris\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/paris\/\",\"name\":\"Instytut Polski w Pary\u017cu\",\"description\":\"Instytuty Polskie\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/paris\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"La langue polonaise - Instytut Polski w Pary\u017cu","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/paris\/la-langue-polonaise\/","og_locale":"pl_PL","og_type":"article","og_title":"La langue polonaise - Instytut Polski w Pary\u017cu","og_description":"La langue polonaise Le polonais est la deuxi\u00e8me langue slave la plus parl\u00e9e au monde. 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