{"id":12649,"date":"2025-10-24T12:25:15","date_gmt":"2025-10-24T10:25:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/?page_id=12649"},"modified":"2025-11-04T17:01:35","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T16:01:35","slug":"daily-courage-polish-czech-and-slovak-women-in-anti-communist-dissent-1968-1989-3-redaktorky","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/daily-courage-polish-czech-and-slovak-women-in-anti-communist-dissent-1968-1989-3-redaktorky\/","title":{"rendered":"Daily Courage. Polish, Czech and Slovak Women in Anti-Communist Dissent 1968-1989 \/ 3 – EDITORS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The free dissemination of uncensored information became an important weapon for the anti-communist dissent, with the Polish „Second Circulation” and the Czech and Slovak samizdat playing a key role. The publication of independent magazines, leaflets, and books by banned authors, and their distribution, opened up space for free social and cultural life. Women were active as authors, publishers, editors, and translators, and they also retyped hundreds of thousands of pages on typewriters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The most influential underground newspaper in Poland was Tygodnik Mazowsze, which had a circulation of several thousand copies. Its editorial staff included (from left, top) Wojciech Kami\u0144ski, Tomasz Burski, Joanna Szcz\u0119sna, Helena \u0141uczywo, Piotr Pacewicz, Anna Bikont; (from left, seated) Krzysztof Lesk, Marta Woydt, Zofia Bydli\u0144ska, Olga Iwaniak.
\u00a0Source: Archive of O\u015brodek KARTA, photo by Anna Pietuszko<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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a\u0148a Hor\u00e1kov\u00e1, together with V\u00e1clav Havel, ran one of the most important samizdat publishing houses, Edition Expedition. It published poetry, prose, political, and philosophical-theological texts. Many women transcribed texts for the Expedition and other samizdat publishing houses, risking interrogation, and persecution.\u00a0 In the photo, Da\u0148a Hor\u00e1kov\u00e1 in her apartment after a house search.
Source and photo: Bohdan Holom\u00ed\u010dek<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
1981, Warszawa, Polska.ona Rajpert, who worked as a graphic designer creating book covers for the independent publishing house Niezale\u017cna Oficyna Wydawnicza NOWA, at the Solidarity printing center in Warsaw in 1981.
Source: O\u015brodek KARTA archive\/Independent Polish Agency<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
\u013dudmila Pastierov\u00e1 was involved in the Bratislava samizdat movement. The secret police regularly interrogated her and searched her apartment. Pictured on the left, at the opening of an exhibition by independent artist Jaro \u0160tuller in 1983.
Source: Private archive of \u013d. Pastierov\u00e1, photo by J. \u0160tuller<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Weekly Mazowsze, Source: Digital Libraries Federation, Europeana 1989, CC BY-SA 3.0 PL<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Translating the banned authors was dangerous. As a translator, Marta Li\u010dkov\u00e1 and her husband helped the world in discovery of Alexander Solzhenitsyn, a critic of the Soviet system. Pavol Li\u010dka was one of the first Slovak prisoners of normalization, and his wife had to endure frequent interrogations and house searches. She struggled to support her family and had to translate under a pseudonym until 1989. Dissident Eva \u0160ime\u010dkov\u00e1 translated George Orwell’s cult novel 1984 while her husband Milan \u0160ime\u010dka was in prison. It was published in samizdat and by the exile publishing house Index. Source: Private archive of the Li\u010dka family<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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At the end of the 1980s, Jarmila Johnov\u00e1 organized the distribution of photocopiers for reproducing illegal materials and Charter 77 documents. She had been involved in samizdat since her university studies.
Source: Private archive of J. Johnov\u00e1, photo by Ji\u0159\u00ed Dienstbier<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The free dissemination of uncensored information became an important weapon for the anti-communist dissent, with the Polish „Second Circulation” and the Czech and Slovak samizdat playing a key role. The publication of independent magazines, leaflets, and books by banned authors, and their distribution, opened up space for free social and cultural life. Women were active […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":60,"featured_media":12702,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12649","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nDaily Courage. 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