{"id":12658,"date":"2025-10-24T12:26:23","date_gmt":"2025-10-24T10:26:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/?page_id=12658"},"modified":"2025-11-05T09:29:40","modified_gmt":"2025-11-05T08:29:40","slug":"daily-courage-polish-czech-and-slovak-women-in-anti-communist-dissent-1968-1989-7-pronasledovane-i","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/daily-courage-polish-czech-and-slovak-women-in-anti-communist-dissent-1968-1989-7-pronasledovane-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Daily Courage. Polish, Czech and Slovak Women in Anti-Communist Dissent 1968-1989 \/ 7 – PERSECUTED"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

PERSECUTED<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A shocking form of female dissidents persecution was physical and psychological violence by the communist secret police. Women also became targets of sexual harassment or threats of rape.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Janina Wehrstein had her head smashed by militiamen, requiring seventeen stitches. Krystyna Kolasi\u0144ska was beaten during the strike and left bleeding and unconscious in the snow. Henryka Krzywonos miscarried as a result of being beaten during a house search. El\u017cbieta Szczepa\u0144ska began bleeding during interrogation in her fifth month of pregnancy; her prematurely born daughter died. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zina Freundov\u00e1 was attacked by secret police officers at her home during the night. They tore her nightgown, groped her, threatened to rape her, cut her hair, and beat her. Zdena Tominov\u00e1 was first strangled by an unknown attacker and then had her head banged against the pavement, causing her to suffer a concussion. These were targeted attacks as part of Operation Sanitation, which aimed to force dissidents, especially signatories of Charter 77, to leave Czechoslovakia permanently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1ria K\u00e9ryov\u00e1: „The officers were running around, swinging their truncheons, slamming doors and shouting: 'What do they want? Do they need a demonstration? Don’t they have anything to eat? They should be glad they live in peace, we should beat them up properly!’ (…) „First, I had to empty everything out of my purse and bag. She rummaged through everything. When she found nothing else of interest except the candle, she ordered me to undress. First to the waist, then completely. I even had to lift my legs so she could see the soles of my feet. It was humiliating and disgusting<\/em>.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
El\u017cbieta Szczepa\u0144ska (left) with Jadwiga Chmielowska (right) leading the demonstration, Katovice 1981, Source: Bogna Janiec, photo by W\u0142adys\u0142aw Otek Morawski<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Henryka Krzywonos speaks during the strike at the Gda\u0144sk shipyard in August 1980.\u00a0 Source: Archiv of O\u015brodek KARTA, photo by Witold G\u00f3rka<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
In 1967, popular singer Marta Kubi\u0161ov\u00e1 recorded a song later known as Prayer for Marta, which became a symbol of resistance against the occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1968. From 1970, she was banned from performing in public, and the secret police published falsified pornographic photographs of her. Kubi\u0161ov\u00e1 later became one of the spokespeople for Charter 77.
\u00a0
The photograph was taken during surveillance on a street in Prague. Source: Security Services Archive, SNB Surveillance Administration Fund \u2013 Files, Arch. Nr. SL-4083 MV (Code Name \u201cMarta\u201d)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bernadeta Otrubov\u00e1, Source: Jan \u0160imul\u010d\u00edk, \u010cas svitania<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Zina Freundov\u00e1, Source: www.vons.cz<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PERSECUTED A shocking form of female dissidents persecution was physical and psychological violence by the communist secret police. Women also became targets of sexual harassment or threats of rape. Janina Wehrstein had her head smashed by militiamen, requiring seventeen stitches. Krystyna Kolasi\u0144ska was beaten during the strike and left bleeding and unconscious in the snow. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":60,"featured_media":12702,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12658","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nDaily Courage. 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