{"id":12664,"date":"2025-10-24T12:22:43","date_gmt":"2025-10-24T10:22:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/?page_id=12664"},"modified":"2025-11-05T10:02:28","modified_gmt":"2025-11-05T09:02:28","slug":"daily-courage-polish-czech-and-slovak-women-in-anti-communist-dissent-1968-1989-10-umelkyne-ii","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/daily-courage-polish-czech-and-slovak-women-in-anti-communist-dissent-1968-1989-10-umelkyne-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"Daily Courage. Polish, Czech and Slovak Women in Anti-Communist Dissent 1968-1989 \/ 10 &#8211; ARTISTS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Cultural life outside official structures and censorship could only develop thanks to the private initiatives of specific individuals. Concerts, author meetings, and theater performances took place in their apartments and cottages. Cellars and churches were transformed into alternative exhibition halls, and spontaneous happenings were organized in the streets and parks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kyra Matu\u0161t\u00edk:<em> &#8222;At the time, I didn&#8217;t think I could get into trouble. I said they could take everything away from me, but they couldn&#8217;t take my soul.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ewa Da\u0142kowska<em> &#8222;It was the most amazing adventure I&#8217;ve ever had in my life. We had the opportunity to react directly to what was going on around us. We could stamp our feet, shout, laugh, whistle, and no censor had any influence on it.<\/em>&#8222;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"218\" height=\"265\" src=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/11\/Obraz4-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12864\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Vernissage of the unauthorized sculpture exhibition Meeting of Science and Art in May 1980. Zuzana Homolov\u00e1 plays the guitar and sings, behind her stands the curator of the exhibition, critic, and art historian Zuzana Barto\u0161ov\u00e1, who organized a number of exhibitions of artists from the independent scene in the 1970s and 1980s.<br>Source: Private archive of Z. Barto\u0161ov\u00e1, photo by Franti\u0161ek Engel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"178\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/11\/Obraz5.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12865\" style=\"width:244px;height:auto\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Women helped shape Slovakia&#8217;s diverse alternative art scene: banned visual artist and performer Jana \u017delibsk\u00e1 organized her own happenings and land art works.\u00a0 Ilona N\u00e9meth, involved in anti-regime activities of the Hungarian minority, participated in the first festival of alternative, experimental, and multimedia art in 1988. The photo shows the burying of a box containing works by independent artists, including Jana \u017delibsk\u00e1, &#8222;for future generations&#8221; on February 24, 1975, near Bratislava.<br>Source: Private archive of Z. Barto\u0161ov\u00e1, photo by Martin Li\u010dko<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"346\" height=\"232\" src=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/11\/Obraz3-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12866\" srcset=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/11\/Obraz3-2.png 346w, https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/11\/Obraz3-2-300x201.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 346px) 100vw, 346px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ewa Da\u0142kowska was the co-organizer of Teatr Domowy, a residential theater, which presented plays by V\u00e1clav Havel, among others, in private apartments during the state of emergency. The photo shows Ewa Da\u0142kowska and Wojciech Pszoniak during a performance in 1977.<br>Source: Archive of O\u015brodek KARTA, photo by Jaros\u0142aw Tara\u0144<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"715\" src=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/11\/Kyra-Matustik2-1-1024x715.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12870\" style=\"width:315px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/11\/Kyra-Matustik2-1-1024x715.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/11\/Kyra-Matustik2-1-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/11\/Kyra-Matustik2-1-768x536.jpg 768w, https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/11\/Kyra-Matustik2-1.jpg 1390w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Kyra Matu\u0161t\u00edk, one of the few Slovak signatories of Charter 77, co-organized independent cultural events. Together with friends from the Prague underground, they tore down Soviet flags and put up anti-regime stickers around the city. Source: Private archive of K. Matu\u0161t\u00edk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"708\" height=\"552\" src=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/11\/Obraz1-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12868\" style=\"width:389px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/11\/Obraz1-1.jpg 708w, https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/11\/Obraz1-1-300x234.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 708px) 100vw, 708px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">After being banned from public performances, actress Vlasta Chramostov\u00e1 organized theater performances in her apartment, involving other artists who had also been excluded from official cultural life. The photo shows the legendary play The Macbeth Play from 1978. From left: its author Pavel Kohout, singer-songwriter Vlastimil T\u0159e\u0161\u0148\u00e1k, Pavel Landovsk\u00fd, Vlasta Chramostov\u00e1, and Tereza Bou\u010dkov\u00e1.<br>Source:\u00a0Library of V\u00e1clav Havel, photo by Old\u0159ich \u0160k\u00e1cha<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"266\" height=\"178\" src=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/11\/Obraz2-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12869\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Actress Halina Miko\u0142ajska was an important figure in Poland&#8217;s independent culture. She co-organized uncensored theater performances and participated in hunger strikes, protests, and demonstrations. The photo shows a hunger strike by members of KOR in the Church of the Holy Cross for imprisoned Czechoslovak Charter signatories in October 1979. In the front row, from left: Andrzej Czuma, Jan Lity\u0144ski, and Jerzy Markuszewski; in the second row, from left: Halina Miko\u0142ajska, Joanna Gwiazda, and Anka Kowalska.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: Archive of O\u015brodek KARTA, photo by Janusz Krzy\u017cewski<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cultural life outside official structures and censorship could only develop thanks to the private initiatives of specific individuals. Concerts, author meetings, and theater performances took place in their apartments and cottages. Cellars and churches were transformed into alternative exhibition halls, and spontaneous happenings were organized in the streets and parks. Kyra Matu\u0161t\u00edk: &#8222;At the time, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":60,"featured_media":12702,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12664","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Daily Courage. 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