{"id":12680,"date":"2025-10-24T12:24:43","date_gmt":"2025-10-24T10:24:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/?page_id=12680"},"modified":"2025-11-05T11:34:10","modified_gmt":"2025-11-05T10:34:10","slug":"daily-courage-polish-czech-and-slovak-women-in-anti-communist-dissent-1968-1989-18-epilog","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/daily-courage-polish-czech-and-slovak-women-in-anti-communist-dissent-1968-1989-18-epilog\/","title":{"rendered":"Daily Courage. Polish, Czech and Slovak Women in Anti-Communist Dissent 1968-1989 \/ 18 – Epilogue"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Epilogue<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The success of the nonviolent revolution of 1989 is also thanks to women. They were involved at all levels: they took part in protests and strikes, produced samizdat,<\/em> and provided logistical support, cooked meals while discussing strategy. They paid a high price for their involvement: they were harassed and imprisoned or forced into exile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the moment of democratic change and transformation, former female dissidents suddenly began to disappear from politics. Among the 58 participants in the round table talks in 1989, only one woman, Gra\u017cyna Staniszewska, represented the Solidarity movement. The other women played supporting roles. Only a few were involved in politics in the 1990s: Dana N\u011bmcov\u00e1, Zuzana Mistr\u00edkov\u00e1, Barbara Labuda, Petru\u0161ka \u0160ustrov\u00e1, Ele\u00f3nora S\u00e1ndor, Zofia Romaszewska, Gabriela Kalisk\u00e1, and Olga Krzy\u017canowska. Former dissidents are mainly active in the civic and non-profit sectors, in education, culture, and foundations. Some have returned to their original professions, in which they were restricted during the communist era.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gra\u017cyna Staniszewska: „I was always pushed into politics, but later I understood that it made sense. And that I could influence various things. One of my successes was that people voted for individuals, not entire lists of candidates. I felt I had a huge influence on what was happening in Poland.”<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zuzana Mistr\u00edkov\u00e1: „I have no desire to join politics as I don’t think that this country is shaped solely by the 150 people who sit in parliament. Each of us has the opportunity to influence our environment in our own field so that it functions as fairly and decently as possible.”<\/em> Denn\u00edk N, Women of November, 17 November 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dana N\u011bmcov\u00e1: „Women rather inclined towards humanitarian and civil society organizations, such as the Helsinki Committee and other civic associations. In short, we stuck with the specific activities and work we had been doing up until then. We had no aspirations to develop any kind of ideology or party affiliation, as the men did.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Gra\u017cyna Staniszewska, parliament candidate for the Solidarity Civic Committee, during a meeting with Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa in Gda\u0144sk in 1989.
Source: Archive of O\u015brodek KARTA, photo by Anna Pietuszko<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Opposition activist Ele\u00f3nora S\u00e1ndor collaborated with dissidents in Hungary, and after the free elections in Czechoslovakia in 1990, she became a member of the Hungarian Independent Initiative within the Public Against Violence movement.\u00a0 Second from left in the photo.\u00a0 Source: Institute for Minority Research Forum \/ F\u00f3rum Kisebbs\u00e9gkutat\u00f3 Int\u00e9zet,\u00a0 Szlov\u00e1kiai Magyar Adatbank, photo by T\u00f3thp\u00e1l Gyula<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Zuzana Mistr\u00edkov\u00e1 became the female face of the student movement and, at the age of 23, was elected to the Slovak National Council in the first elections in June 1990. In the photo, she is answering questions during the filming of a special edition of Youth TV Club in 1989. She later worked in the media. Photo by: Peter Pochyl\u00fd
\u00a0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

„Marta Kubi\u0161ov\u00e1’s „Prayer for Marta” became the anthem of 17 November 17 and a symbol of the Velvet Revolution. She sang it on 21 November 1989, at Wenceslas Square, and today it is played during commemorative events. In the photo with Alexander Dub\u010dek and V\u00e1clav Havel. Source: Archive of Vy\u0161ehradskej.cz, unknown author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Between 1990 and 1992, Petru\u0161ka \u0160ustrov\u00e1, as Deputy Federal Minister of the Interior, participated in the vetting process and the preparation of the lustration law.
Source: Private archive of P. \u0160ustrov\u00e1 \/ \u00a0Nation’s Memory<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Olga Krzy\u017canowska with Roman Pawlicki, Bogdan Lis, and Lech Kaczy\u0144ski during the 1989 election campaign. Source: Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0, photo by Leonard Szmaglik \/ European Solidarity Center<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Epilogue The success of the nonviolent revolution of 1989 is also thanks to women. They were involved at all levels: they took part in protests and strikes, produced samizdat, and provided logistical support, cooked meals while discussing strategy. They paid a high price for their involvement: they were harassed and imprisoned or forced into exile. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":60,"featured_media":12702,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12680","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nDaily Courage. 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