{"id":8154,"date":"2023-01-27T15:09:42","date_gmt":"2023-01-27T14:09:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/?p=8154"},"modified":"2023-02-13T09:19:59","modified_gmt":"2023-02-13T08:19:59","slug":"republika-mnoha-narodu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2023\/01\/27\/republika-mnoha-narodu\/","title":{"rendered":"Republika mnoha n\u00e1rod\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>V lednu roku 1573 museli zvolen\u00ed z\u00e1stupci jednotliv\u00fdch region\u016f Polsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed a Velkokn\u00ed\u017eectv\u00ed litevsk\u00e9ho p\u0159ij\u00edt na to, jak se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s \u00famrt\u00edm posledn\u00edho kr\u00e1le z dynastie Jagellonc\u016f, Zikmunda Augusta, kter\u00fd nezanechal \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9ho potomka. Jak udr\u017eet celistvost unie slo\u017een\u00e9 z lid\u00ed n\u011bkolika jazyk\u016f a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed? Jak zabezpe\u010dit unik\u00e1tn\u00ed politick\u00e9 z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na rovnov\u00e1ze sil panovn\u00edka a parlamentu a principu \u201ezlat\u00e9 svobody\u201d, tedy nezciziteln\u00fdch pr\u00e1v p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f politick\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda? Zat\u00edmco v\u011bt\u0161ina Evropa byla v t\u00e9 dob\u011b zm\u00edt\u00e1na n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi v\u00e1lkami a st\u00e1ty se jeden po druh\u00e9m p\u0159ikl\u00e1n\u011bly k principu \u201ecuius regio, eius religio\u201c, v Rzeczpospolit\u00e9 do\u0161lo 28. ledna k vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed tzv. Var\u0161avsk\u00e9 konfederace zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed rovnost v\u0161ech ob\u010dan\u016f nez\u00e1visle na tom, k&nbsp;jak\u00e9 k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 c\u00edrkvi se hl\u00e1s\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201eA jeliko\u017e je v&nbsp;na\u0161\u00ed Republice velk\u00e1 dissidium in causa religionis christianae, abychom zabr\u00e1nili neklidu, kter\u00fd vid\u00edme v&nbsp;mnoha jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch &#8230; t\u00edmto si vz\u00e1jemn\u011b slibujeme, pro nobis, et successoribus nostris, in perpetuum\u2026 \u017ee my, kte\u0159\u00ed jsme dissidentes de religione zachov\u00e1me m\u00edr mezi sebou a nebudeme prol\u00e9vat krev kv\u016fli rozd\u00edl\u016fm vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 praktiky.\u201c (cit\u00e1t z Var\u0161avsk\u00e9 konfederace, 1573)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zat\u00edmco ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed se v on\u00e9 dob\u011b prosazuje absolutismus, Rzeczpospolita si na Sejmu v lednu 1573 odsouhlasila, \u017ee kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 budou vyb\u00edr\u00e1ni shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm v\u0161ech ob\u010dan\u016f, tzv. elekc\u00ed. Tehdej\u0161\u00ed spisovatel Stanis\u0142aw Orzechowski k tomu napsal: \u201eCo je kr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho ne\u017e v\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00e1\u0161 kr\u00e1l se kr\u00e1lem nezrodil, ale vy jste ho kr\u00e1lem u\u010dinili, a \u017ee me\u010dem, kter\u00fd jste mu sv\u011b\u0159ili, m\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit jen ve shod\u011b s va\u0161\u00ed v\u016fl\u00ed?\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00edce o unik\u00e1tn\u00edm st\u00e1tn\u00edm z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed polsko-litevsk\u00e9 Rzeczpospolit\u00e9 se m\u016f\u017eete dozv\u011bd\u011bt na na\u0161\u00ed putovn\u00ed v\u00fdstav\u011b Republika mnoha n\u00e1rod\u016f, kter\u00e1 v&nbsp;minul\u00fdch letech nav\u0161t\u00edvila \u0159adu m\u00edst v \u010cR&nbsp;a nyn\u00ed je k prolistov\u00e1n\u00ed zde: <a href=\"https:\/\/issuu.com\/polskyinstitutvpraze\/docs\/republika_mnoha_narodu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/issuu.com\/polskyinstitutvpraze\/docs\/republika_mnoha_narodu<\/a> nebo na na\u0161ich webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <a href=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2023\/01\/12\/republika-mnoha-narodu-vystava\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">pod t\u00edmto odkazem<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdstavu, jej\u00ed\u017e koncepci navrhl historik Jan Kv\u011btina, p\u0159ipravil Polsk\u00fd institut v Praze ve spolupr\u00e1ci s Velvyslanectv\u00edm Litvy a Velvyslanectv\u00edm Polska v \u010cR a s Kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00ed Svjatlany Cichanousk\u00e9, l\u00eddryn\u011b svobodn\u00e9ho B\u011bloruska.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Doporu\u010dujeme tak\u00e9 knihy Jana Kv\u011btiny <em><strong>M\u00fdtus republiky<\/strong><\/em> (2020) a <strong><em>\u0160lechtick\u00e1 demokracie<\/em><\/strong> (2011).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background\">O fenom\u00e9nu Rzeczpospolit\u00e9 si m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst rovn\u011b\u017e \u010dl\u00e1nek Jana Kv\u011btiny s n\u00e1zvem <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/denikn.cz\/1071083\/basta-proti-tyranii-z-vychodu-polaci-dnes-patri-k-nejvetsim-podporovatelum-ukrajiny-duvod-hledejme-ve-spolecne-historii\/?ref=tit&amp;fbclid=IwAR20VbR1e9ZEaUEIqfQXBtreH9CcO7us2zY1G_aKSEj2nI_qxOOSh3Fl4P0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201eBa\u0161ta proti tyranii z&nbsp;V\u00fdchodu.\u201c Pol\u00e1ci dnes pat\u0159\u00ed k&nbsp;nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm podporovatel\u016fm Ukrajiny. D\u016fvod hledejme ve spole\u010dn\u00e9 historii<\/a><\/strong>, kter\u00fd pr\u00e1v\u011b vy\u0161el v Den\u00edku N.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V lednu roku 1573 museli zvolen\u00ed z\u00e1stupci jednotliv\u00fdch region\u016f Polsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed a Velkokn\u00ed\u017eectv\u00ed litevsk\u00e9ho p\u0159ij\u00edt na to, jak se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s \u00famrt\u00edm posledn\u00edho kr\u00e1le z dynastie Jagellonc\u016f, Zikmunda Augusta, kter\u00fd nezanechal \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9ho potomka. Jak udr\u017eet celistvost unie slo\u017een\u00e9 z lid\u00ed n\u011bkolika jazyk\u016f a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed? Jak zabezpe\u010dit unik\u00e1tn\u00ed politick\u00e9 z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na rovnov\u00e1ze sil panovn\u00edka [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":58,"featured_media":8155,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8154","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Republika mnoha n\u00e1rod\u016f - Instytut Polski w Pradze<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2023\/01\/27\/republika-mnoha-narodu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Republika mnoha n\u00e1rod\u016f - Instytut Polski w Pradze\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"V lednu roku 1573 museli zvolen\u00ed z\u00e1stupci jednotliv\u00fdch region\u016f Polsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed a Velkokn\u00ed\u017eectv\u00ed litevsk\u00e9ho p\u0159ij\u00edt na to, jak se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s \u00famrt\u00edm posledn\u00edho kr\u00e1le z dynastie Jagellonc\u016f, Zikmunda Augusta, kter\u00fd nezanechal \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9ho potomka. Jak udr\u017eet celistvost unie slo\u017een\u00e9 z lid\u00ed n\u011bkolika jazyk\u016f a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed? Jak zabezpe\u010dit unik\u00e1tn\u00ed politick\u00e9 z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na rovnov\u00e1ze sil panovn\u00edka [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2023\/01\/27\/republika-mnoha-narodu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Instytut Polski w Pradze\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/polskyinstitut\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-01-27T14:09:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-02-13T08:19:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2023\/01\/Konfederacja_Warszawska-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1746\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"rohanovaj\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@PLInst_Praha\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napisane przez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"rohanovaj\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minuty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"event\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2023\/01\/27\/republika-mnoha-narodu\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2023\/01\/27\/republika-mnoha-narodu\/\",\"name\":\"Republika mnoha n\u00e1rod\u016f\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2023\/01\/27\/republika-mnoha-narodu\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":[\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2023\/01\/Konfederacja_Warszawska-scaled.jpg\",\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2023\/01\/Konfederacja_Warszawska-300x205.jpg\",\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2023\/01\/Konfederacja_Warszawska-1024x698.jpg\",\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2023\/01\/Konfederacja_Warszawska-scaled.jpg\"],\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2023\/01\/Konfederacja_Warszawska-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-01-27T14:09:42+02:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-02-13T08:19:59+02:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/#\/schema\/person\/b2616b1ced73c37295485071793a3747\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2023\/01\/27\/republika-mnoha-narodu\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2023\/01\/27\/republika-mnoha-narodu\/\"]}],\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"startDate\":\"2023-01-27\",\"endDate\":\"2023-01-27\",\"eventStatus\":\"EventScheduled\",\"eventAttendanceMode\":\"OfflineEventAttendanceMode\",\"location\":{\"@type\":\"place\",\"name\":\"\",\"address\":\"\",\"geo\":{\"@type\":\"GeoCoordinates\",\"latitude\":\"\",\"longitude\":\"\"}},\"description\":\"V lednu roku 1573 museli zvolen\u00ed z\u00e1stupci jednotliv\u00fdch region\u016f Polsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed a Velkokn\u00ed\u017eectv\u00ed litevsk\u00e9ho p\u0159ij\u00edt na to, jak se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s \u00famrt\u00edm posledn\u00edho kr\u00e1le z dynastie Jagellonc\u016f, Zikmunda Augusta, kter\u00fd nezanechal \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9ho potomka. Jak udr\u017eet celistvost unie slo\u017een\u00e9 z lid\u00ed n\u011bkolika jazyk\u016f a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed? Jak zabezpe\u010dit unik\u00e1tn\u00ed politick\u00e9 z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na rovnov\u00e1ze sil panovn\u00edka a parlamentu a principu \u201ezlat\u00e9 svobody\u201d, tedy nezciziteln\u00fdch pr\u00e1v p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f politick\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda? Zat\u00edmco v\u011bt\u0161ina Evropa byla v t\u00e9 dob\u011b zm\u00edt\u00e1na n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi v\u00e1lkami a st\u00e1ty se jeden po druh\u00e9m p\u0159ikl\u00e1n\u011bly k principu \u201ecuius regio, eius religio\u201c, v Rzeczpospolit\u00e9 do\u0161lo 28. ledna k vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed tzv. Var\u0161avsk\u00e9 konfederace zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed rovnost v\u0161ech ob\u010dan\u016f nez\u00e1visle na tom, k jak\u00e9 k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 c\u00edrkvi se hl\u00e1s\u00ed.\\n\u201eA jeliko\u017e je v na\u0161\u00ed Republice velk\u00e1 dissidium in causa religionis christianae, abychom zabr\u00e1nili neklidu, kter\u00fd vid\u00edme v mnoha jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch ... t\u00edmto si vz\u00e1jemn\u011b slibujeme, pro nobis, et successoribus nostris, in perpetuum\u2026 \u017ee my, kte\u0159\u00ed jsme dissidentes de religione zachov\u00e1me m\u00edr mezi sebou a nebudeme prol\u00e9vat krev kv\u016fli rozd\u00edl\u016fm vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 praktiky.\u201c (cit\u00e1t z Var\u0161avsk\u00e9 konfederace, 1573)\\nZat\u00edmco ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed se v on\u00e9 dob\u011b prosazuje absolutismus, Rzeczpospolita si na Sejmu v lednu 1573 odsouhlasila, \u017ee kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 budou vyb\u00edr\u00e1ni shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm v\u0161ech ob\u010dan\u016f, tzv. elekc\u00ed. Tehdej\u0161\u00ed spisovatel Stanis\u0142aw Orzechowski k tomu napsal: \u201eCo je kr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho ne\u017e v\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00e1\u0161 kr\u00e1l se kr\u00e1lem nezrodil, ale vy jste ho kr\u00e1lem u\u010dinili, a \u017ee me\u010dem, kter\u00fd jste mu sv\u011b\u0159ili, m\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit jen ve shod\u011b s va\u0161\u00ed v\u016fl\u00ed?\u201c\\nV\u00edce o unik\u00e1tn\u00edm st\u00e1tn\u00edm z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed polsko-litevsk\u00e9 Rzeczpospolit\u00e9 se m\u016f\u017eete dozv\u011bd\u011bt na na\u0161\u00ed putovn\u00ed v\u00fdstav\u011b Republika mnoha n\u00e1rod\u016f, kter\u00e1 v minul\u00fdch letech nav\u0161t\u00edvila \u0159adu m\u00edst v \u010cR a nyn\u00ed je k prolistov\u00e1n\u00ed zde: https:\/\/issuu.com\/polskyinstitutvpraze\/docs\/republika_mnoha_narodu nebo na na\u0161ich webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch pod t\u00edmto odkazem.\\nV\u00fdstavu, jej\u00ed\u017e koncepci navrhl historik Jan Kv\u011btina, p\u0159ipravil Polsk\u00fd institut v Praze ve spolupr\u00e1ci s Velvyslanectv\u00edm Litvy a Velvyslanectv\u00edm Polska v \u010cR a s Kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00ed Svjatlany Cichanousk\u00e9, l\u00eddryn\u011b svobodn\u00e9ho B\u011bloruska.\\nDoporu\u010dujeme tak\u00e9 knihy Jana Kv\u011btiny M\u00fdtus republiky (2020) a \u0160lechtick\u00e1 demokracie (2011).\\nO fenom\u00e9nu Rzeczpospolit\u00e9 si m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst rovn\u011b\u017e \u010dl\u00e1nek Jana Kv\u011btiny s n\u00e1zvem \u201eBa\u0161ta proti tyranii z V\u00fdchodu.\u201c Pol\u00e1ci dnes pat\u0159\u00ed k nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm podporovatel\u016fm Ukrajiny. D\u016fvod hledejme ve spole\u010dn\u00e9 historii, kter\u00fd pr\u00e1v\u011b vy\u0161el v Den\u00edku N.\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2023\/01\/27\/republika-mnoha-narodu\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2023\/01\/Konfederacja_Warszawska-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2023\/01\/Konfederacja_Warszawska-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":1746,\"caption\":\"Var\u0161avsk\u00e1 konfederace z roku 1573. 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Jak udr\u017eet celistvost unie slo\u017een\u00e9 z lid\u00ed n\u011bkolika jazyk\u016f a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed? Jak zabezpe\u010dit unik\u00e1tn\u00ed politick\u00e9 z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na rovnov\u00e1ze sil panovn\u00edka a parlamentu a principu \u201ezlat\u00e9 svobody\u201d, tedy nezciziteln\u00fdch pr\u00e1v p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f politick\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda? Zat\u00edmco v\u011bt\u0161ina Evropa byla v t\u00e9 dob\u011b zm\u00edt\u00e1na n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi v\u00e1lkami a st\u00e1ty se jeden po druh\u00e9m p\u0159ikl\u00e1n\u011bly k principu \u201ecuius regio, eius religio\u201c, v Rzeczpospolit\u00e9 do\u0161lo 28. ledna k vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed tzv. 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