{"id":869,"date":"2020-01-30T10:02:52","date_gmt":"2020-01-30T09:02:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/?p=869"},"modified":"2020-01-30T10:05:09","modified_gmt":"2020-01-30T09:05:09","slug":"pravda-ktera-nesmi-zemrit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2020\/01\/30\/pravda-ktera-nesmi-zemrit\/","title":{"rendered":"Pravda, kter\u00e1 nesm\u00ed zem\u0159\u00edt"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>27. ledna roku 1945 osvobodili sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci n\u011bmeck\u00fd nacistick\u00fd vyhlazovac\u00ed t\u00e1bor Osv\u011btim. To, co v n\u011bm objevili, dodnes nah\u00e1n\u00ed hr\u016fzu a vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 odezvu absolutn\u00edho mor\u00e1ln\u00edho odsouzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Svobodu tehdy z\u00edskalo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 7 tis\u00edc v\u011bz\u0148\u016f. P\u0159edt\u00edm, ve dnech 17. \u2013 21. ledna, bylo z koncentra\u010dn\u00edho t\u00e1bora Osv\u011btim a jeho d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch t\u00e1bor\u016f vypraveno kolem 56 tis\u00edc v\u011bz\u0148\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch pochodech smrti postupovaly hloub\u011bji na \u00fazem\u00ed T\u0159et\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. V t\u00e1bo\u0159e z\u016fstaly jen st\u00edny lidsk\u00fdch bytost\u00ed, nav\u017edy zmrza\u010den\u00e9 nep\u0159edstaviteln\u00fdm fyzick\u00fdm a psychick\u00fdm mu\u010den\u00edm. Jen z\u00e1zrakem p\u0159e\u017eily nelidsk\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed podm\u00ednky, hlad, mr\u00e1z, nemoci, vysiluj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1ci, nel\u00edtostn\u00e9 bit\u00ed a \u0161tvan\u00ed hladov\u00fdmi psy, k\u0159ik a nad\u00e1vky dozorc\u016f. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed byli ob\u011b\u0165mi zlo\u010dinn\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch pokus\u016f na lidech. Ka\u017ed\u00fd den se d\u00edvali na smrt sv\u00fdch druh\u016f v nep\u0159\u00edzni osudu: mu\u017e\u016f, \u017een, star\u0161\u00edch a posti\u017een\u00fdch, a tak\u00e9 d\u011bt\u00ed. Byli sv\u011bdky mnoha krut\u00fdch poprav \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 esesmani prov\u00e1d\u011bli jen pro svou z\u00e1bavu. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011bzni byli nuceni p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et mrtv\u00e1 t\u011bla lid\u00ed zavra\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch v plynov\u00fdch komor\u00e1ch a p\u00e1lit je v krematori\u00edch. S v\u011bdom\u00edm, \u017ee je \u010dek\u00e1 tent\u00fd\u017e osud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To je pouze stru\u010dn\u00fd popis pekla na zemi, kter\u00fdm byl koncentra\u010dn\u00ed t\u00e1bor Osv\u011btim \u2013 m\u00edsto, v n\u011bm\u017e bylo zavra\u017ed\u011bno v\u00edce ne\u017e milion \u017did\u016f a tis\u00edce ob\u011bt\u00ed jin\u00fdch n\u00e1rodnost\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b Pol\u00e1k\u016f, Rom\u016f, Sint\u016f a v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zajatc\u016f Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. Stejn\u00fd osud potkal miliony \u017did\u016f usmrcen\u00fdch v ostatn\u00edch n\u011bmeck\u00fdch nacistick\u00fdch t\u00e1borech smrti: v Treblince, Sobiboru, Bel\u017eci, Kulmhofu, Stutthofu a des\u00edtk\u00e1ch dal\u0161\u00edch. \u00da\u0159ady T\u0159et\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e napl\u00e1novaly a realizovaly celkov\u00e9 vyhlazen\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho obyvatelstva. Proto vytvo\u0159ili s\u00ed\u0165 t\u00e1bor\u016f funguj\u00edc\u00edch jako skute\u010dn\u00e9&nbsp;<em>tov\u00e1rny na smrt.<\/em>&nbsp;Vra\u017edy tam byly prov\u00e1d\u011bny jako pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 \u010dinnost \u2013 ve stovk\u00e1ch a tis\u00edc\u00edch, efektivn\u011b, se zohledn\u011bn\u00edm \u010dasu a n\u00e1klad\u016f na dopravu, a byla o nich vedena podrobn\u00e1 dokumentace. Nikdy p\u0159edt\u00edm nedo\u0161lo k tak extr\u00e9mn\u00ed dehumanizaci a pon\u00ed\u017een\u00ed milion\u016f nevinn\u00fdch ob\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 o tom ps\u00e1t, \u010d\u00edst, mluvit&#8230; V biblick\u00e9 Knize Kazatel nach\u00e1z\u00edme tato slova:&nbsp;<em>Velk\u00e1 moudrost&nbsp;toti\u017e&nbsp;p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed velk\u00e9&nbsp;tr\u00e1pen\u00ed, tak\u017ee komu p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1&nbsp;pozn\u00e1n\u00ed, tomu p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 bolest<\/em>.&nbsp;Je v\u0161ak zapot\u0159eb\u00ed toto tr\u00e1pen\u00ed podstoupit. Takov\u00e9 pozn\u00e1n\u00ed mus\u00edme p\u0159edat nov\u00fdm generac\u00edm. I za cenu bolesti, kterou p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed. Budoucnost sv\u011bta mus\u00edme utv\u00e1\u0159et na z\u00e1klad\u011b hlubok\u00e9ho pochopen\u00ed toho, k \u010demu do\u0161lo v srdci Evropy p\u0159ed 75 lety a o \u010dem o\u010dit\u00ed sv\u011bdkov\u00e9 st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b vypov\u00eddaj\u00ed. Nech\u0165 to, co se stalo s n\u00e1rodem potomk\u016f Leibnize, Goetha, Schillera a Bacha \u2013 kdy\u017e byl infikov\u00e1n virem imperi\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00fdchy a rasistick\u00e9ho pohrd\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 je v\u011b\u010dnou v\u00fdstrahou. Nesm\u00edme tak\u00e9 zapom\u00ednat, \u017ee posledn\u00edm a rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm krokem k vypuknut\u00ed druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky \u2013 bez n\u011bho\u017e by nedo\u0161lo k trag\u00e9dii holocaustu \u2013 byl tajn\u00fd pakt mezi Hitlerem a Stalinem z 23. srpna 1939. Tato dohoda byla zalo\u017eena na p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee zem\u011b st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy budou p\u0159ipraveny o svobodu a zbaveny suverenity. \u00dazk\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce mezi dv\u011bma totalitn\u00edmi re\u017eimy, kter\u00e1 byla tehdy iniciov\u00e1na, trvala a\u017e do posledn\u00edch hodin p\u0159ed \u00fatokem, kter\u00fdm dne 22. \u010dervna 1941 nacistick\u00e9 N\u011bmecko p\u0159ekvapilo Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pravda o holocaustu nem\u016f\u017ee zem\u0159\u00edt. Nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt zkreslov\u00e1na ani instrumentalizov\u00e1na za \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010delem. Ve jm\u00e9nu nedotknuteln\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky na vyhlazov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017did\u016f a v \u00fact\u011b k ostatn\u00edm ob\u011btem totalitn\u00edch re\u017eim\u016f dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed \u2013 to nesm\u00edme a nebudeme tolerovat. Tento zlo\u010din budeme sv\u011btu st\u00e1le p\u0159ipom\u00ednat, aby na n\u011bj nezapom\u00ednal. Neustaneme v na\u0161em \u00fasil\u00ed, aby se nic podobn\u00e9ho ji\u017e nikdy neopakovalo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dakolu odhalit pravdu o holocaustu a pom\u00e1hat \u017did\u016fm, jim\u017e hrozilo vyvra\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed, se velmi brzy ujalo polsk\u00e9 hnut\u00ed odporu. Polsk\u00fd podzemn\u00ed st\u00e1t, kter\u00fd vznikl na na\u0161em okupovan\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed, se sna\u017eil chr\u00e1nit v\u0161echny ty, kte\u0159\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b doned\u00e1vna byli ob\u010dany nez\u00e1visl\u00e9ho Polska. V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1940 se polsk\u00fd arm\u00e1dn\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edk Witold Pilecki, jednaj\u00edc\u00ed se souhlasem podzemn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f, nechal \u00famysln\u011b uv\u011bznit v koncentra\u010dn\u00edm t\u00e1bo\u0159e v Osv\u011btimi. Utekl v dubnu 1943 a n\u00e1sledn\u011b podal sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o tom, co se tam d\u011blo. Zde je \u00faryvek: \u201eNemocn\u00ed [tyfem], lid\u00e9 v bezv\u011bdom\u00ed i t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zdrav\u00ed (&#8230;) byli vecp\u00e1ni do aut a odvezeni (&#8230;) do plynov\u00fdch komor. (&#8230;) Jeden osmilet\u00fd chlapec prosil eses\u00e1ka, aby ho nechal. Poklekl p\u0159ed n\u00edm na zem. Eses\u00e1k ho kopnul do \u017ealudku a hodil ho do auta jako \u0161t\u011bn\u011b.\u201c Tak\u00e9 Jan Karski, tajn\u00fd vyslanec polsk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f v emigraci, vid\u011bl na vlastn\u00ed o\u010di zv\u011brstva, ke kter\u00fdm doch\u00e1zelo ve var\u0161avsk\u00e9m ghettu a v n\u011bmeck\u00e9m tranzitn\u00edm t\u00e1bo\u0159e v Izbici. Sepsal memorandum o n\u011bmeck\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 genocid\u011b \u017did\u016f. Od prosince 1942 je prezentoval p\u0159edstavitel\u016fm ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed a nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm org\u00e1n\u016fm spojeneck\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm gener\u00e1l W\u0142adys\u0142aw Sikorski, p\u0159edseda polsk\u00e9 exilov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy v Lond\u00fdn\u011b, zaslal spojenc\u016fm n\u00f3tu p\u0159ijatou na zased\u00e1n\u00ed Rady ministr\u016f dne 6. \u010dervna 1942. V n\u00ed uvedl: \u201e&#8230; vyvra\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00e9 populace prob\u00edh\u00e1 v neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch rozm\u011brech. Ve m\u011bstech, jako je Vilno, Lvov, Kolomyja, Stanislav, Lublin, Rzesz\u00f3w, Miech\u00f3w, jsou zab\u00edjeny des\u00edtky tis\u00edc \u017did\u016f. V ghettech ve Var\u0161av\u011b a Krakov\u011b prov\u00e1d\u00ed gestapo ka\u017edodenn\u00ed hromadn\u00e9 popravy. (&#8230;) \u017did\u00e9 v Polsku jsou ob\u011b\u0165mi nejstra\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00edho pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 historii\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sou\u010dasn\u011b Polsk\u00fd podzemn\u00ed st\u00e1t vytvo\u0159il p\u0159i \u00da\u0159adu vl\u00e1dn\u00edho deleg\u00e1ta Polsk\u00e9 republiky Radu pomoci \u017did\u016fm. D\u00edky n\u00ed z\u00edskalo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 50 tis\u00edc osob dokumenty, p\u0159\u00edst\u0159e\u0161\u00ed, pen\u00edze a l\u00e9ka\u0159skou p\u00e9\u010di. Pol\u0161t\u00ed diplomat\u00e9 organizovali z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 \u00fat\u011bky \u017did\u016f na \u00fazem\u00ed, je\u017e nebyla pod nadvl\u00e1dou nacistick\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka. V\u00fdznamn\u00e9 procento p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00edch holocaust vd\u011b\u010d\u00ed za sv\u00e9 \u017eivoty tis\u00edc\u016fm polsk\u00fdch Spravedliv\u00fdch mezi n\u00e1rody. V na\u0161ich rodinn\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edch, v&nbsp;historick\u00fdch dokumentech a liter\u00e1rn\u00edch zpracov\u00e1n\u00edch p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed vzpom\u00ednky na mnoho lid\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, ukr\u00fdvan\u00fdch v podkrov\u00edch, suter\u00e9nech a stodol\u00e1ch. O poskytnut\u00ed skromn\u00e9ho&nbsp;\u200b\u200bj\u00eddla&nbsp;\u017eidovsk\u00fdm uprchl\u00edk\u016fm nebo o tom, jak jim uk\u00e1zali bezpe\u010dnou \u00fanikovou cestu. A mus\u00edte v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee v Polsku za ka\u017ed\u00e9 takov\u00e9 gesto n\u011bmeck\u00fd okupant trestal smrt\u00ed. Stalo se to stokr\u00e1t. Mezi miliony Pol\u00e1k\u016f byli tak\u00e9 lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed mohli pomoci ukr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edm se \u017did\u016fm, ale nebyli schopni p\u0159ekonat strach o vlastn\u00ed \u017eivot a \u017eivoty sv\u00fdch bl\u00edzk\u00fdch. Vyskytli se i tac\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed z&nbsp;n\u00edzk\u00fdch popud\u016f p\u0159edali \u017didy n\u011bmeck\u00fdm okupa\u010dn\u00edm \u00fa\u0159ad\u016fm nebo se sami v\u016f\u010di nim dopou\u0161t\u011bli ostudn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f. Za dramatick\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed t\u00e9 doby trestal soudn\u00ed syst\u00e9m Polsk\u00e9ho podzemn\u00edho st\u00e1tu tyto zlo\u010dince rozsudkem smrti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nacistick\u00e9 koncentra\u010dn\u00ed t\u00e1bory vybudovan\u00e9 v okupovan\u00e9m Polsku pro n\u00e1s byly a dodnes jsou nesnesiteln\u00fdm pon\u00ed\u017een\u00edm. Jsou drastick\u00fdm pop\u0159en\u00edm na\u0161\u00ed tis\u00edcilet\u00e9 kultury a historie, polsk\u00e9ho ducha svobody, tolerance a solidarity. Genocida \u017did\u016f, a\u010dkoli prob\u00edhala t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b, byla zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 tvrdou ranou pro polsk\u00fd st\u00e1t, kter\u00fd byl po stalet\u00ed mnohon\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd a mnohon\u00e1rodnostn\u00ed. \u017didovsk\u00e1 komunita v p\u0159edv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m Polsku byla jednou z nejpo\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v cel\u00e9 historii tohoto n\u00e1roda. Ze \u0161esti milion\u016f obyvatel Polsk\u00e9 republiky, kte\u0159\u00ed zahynuli v d\u016fsledku druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky (co\u017e je jedna p\u011btina celkov\u00e9 populace), byly a\u017e t\u0159i miliony polsk\u00fdch \u017did\u016f. To oni tvo\u0159\u00ed nejpo\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed skupinu ob\u011bt\u00ed holocaustu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<br>\u017didovsk\u00e1 komunita, \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed a rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se na&nbsp;na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 deset stolet\u00ed, za n\u011bkolik let prakticky zmizela. Polsko najednou ztratilo tis\u00edce \u017eidovsk\u00fdch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f kultury a v\u011bdy, l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f, pr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016f a \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f, podnikatel\u016f, \u0159emesln\u00edk\u016f, obchodn\u00edk\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch oce\u0148ovan\u00fdch odborn\u00edk\u016f. Mezi zavra\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdmi byli man\u017eel\u00e9, p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9, soused\u00e9 a spolupracovn\u00edci osob s ne\u017eidovsk\u00fdmi ko\u0159eny. Utrpen\u00ed \u017did\u016f, shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi okupanty v uzav\u0159en\u00fdch \u010dtvrt\u00edch, jak\u00fdmi byla ghetta, p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v pam\u011bti na\u0161ich m\u011bst. Jako modlitebny dnes slou\u017e\u00ed pouze jednotliv\u00e9 p\u0159edv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 synagogy. Jidi\u0161 a hebrej\u0161tina ji\u017e nezn\u00ed v dochovan\u00fdch budov\u00e1ch \u017eidovsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u0161kol \u010di ritu\u00e1ln\u00edch l\u00e1zn\u00ed. Na \u00fazem\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho Polska se nach\u00e1z\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1200 \u017eidovsk\u00fdch h\u0159bitov\u016f, ale zdej\u0161\u00ed hroby ji\u017e nem\u00e1 kdo nav\u0161t\u011bvovat. \u017didovsk\u00e1 um\u011bleck\u00e1 d\u00edla \u010di v\u00fdtvory um\u011bleck\u00fdch \u0159emesel, staro\u017eitn\u00e9 knihy, tisky a rukopisy u\u010denc\u016f, liter\u00e1t\u016f a skladatel\u016f byly nen\u00e1vratn\u011b zni\u010deny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u011bjiny \u017did\u016f v Polsku a historii jejich zni\u010den\u00e9ho sv\u011bta vypr\u00e1v\u00edme dnes prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm v\u011bdeck\u00fdch publikac\u00ed a konferenc\u00ed, festival\u016f, v\u00fdstav, koncert\u016f a pam\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f, v r\u00e1mci \u010dinnosti st\u00e1tn\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch a kulturn\u00edch instituc\u00ed, jako jsou muzea, divadla, archivy a knihovny. \u017didovsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 komunita, spole\u010densk\u00e9 organizace, vydavatelstv\u00ed a \u010dasopisy se postupn\u011b obrozuj\u00ed. Podporujeme tyto aktivity, proto\u017ee v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu o polsk\u00fdch \u017didech a jejich utrpen\u00ed nesm\u00ed m\u00edt n\u011bmeck\u00fd nacismus posledn\u00ed slovo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159ipom\u00ednka trag\u00e9die, jakou bylo vyvra\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017did\u016f, by m\u011bla b\u00fdt d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm a trval\u00fdm prvkem v\u00fdchovy k m\u00edru. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem, kter\u00fd pronik\u00e1 hluboko do lidsk\u00fdch srdc\u00ed, l\u00e1me bari\u00e9ry p\u0159edsudk\u016f, rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed a nen\u00e1visti. Lekc\u00ed, jak projevit porozum\u011bn\u00ed a jak pomoci t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou osudem nejv\u00edce zkou\u0161eni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b v tomto duchu si budeme p\u0159ipom\u00ednat Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed den pam\u00e1tky ob\u011bt\u00ed holocaustu. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b rozhodnut\u00ed Valn\u00e9ho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed OSN p\u0159ipad\u00e1 tento den ji\u017e 15 let na v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed osvobozen\u00ed koncentra\u010dn\u00edho t\u00e1bora v Osv\u011btimi. Proto se za \u010dty\u0159i dny v polsk\u00e9m St\u00e1tn\u00edm muzeu Osv\u011btim-B\u0159ezinka \u2013 v m\u00edst\u011b, kde je rozpt\u00fdlen popel v\u00edce ne\u017e milionu ob\u011bt\u00ed holocaustu \u2013 setk\u00e1me s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159edstaviteli st\u00e1t\u016f a vl\u00e1d cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Doprov\u00e1zet n\u00e1s budou st\u0159\u00edbrovlas\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed. K 75. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed symbolick\u00e9ho ukon\u010den\u00ed vyvra\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed pod\u00e1me sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o pravd\u011b. Spole\u010dn\u011b budeme apelovat na m\u00edr, spravedlnost a \u00factu mezi n\u00e1rody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na v\u011b\u010dnou pam\u00e1tku zavra\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdm v koncentra\u010dn\u00edm t\u00e1bo\u0159e v&nbsp;Osv\u011btimi a na jejich po\u010dest!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na v\u011b\u010dnou pam\u00e1tku ob\u011btem holokaustu a na jejich po\u010dest!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>27. ledna roku 1945 osvobodili sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci n\u011bmeck\u00fd nacistick\u00fd vyhlazovac\u00ed t\u00e1bor Osv\u011btim. To, co v n\u011bm objevili, dodnes nah\u00e1n\u00ed hr\u016fzu a vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 odezvu absolutn\u00edho mor\u00e1ln\u00edho odsouzen\u00ed. Svobodu tehdy z\u00edskalo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 7 tis\u00edc v\u011bz\u0148\u016f. P\u0159edt\u00edm, ve dnech 17. \u2013 21. ledna, bylo z koncentra\u010dn\u00edho t\u00e1bora Osv\u011btim a jeho d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch t\u00e1bor\u016f vypraveno kolem 56 tis\u00edc v\u011bz\u0148\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":58,"featured_media":870,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-869","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Pravda, kter\u00e1 nesm\u00ed zem\u0159\u00edt - Instytut Polski w Pradze<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2020\/01\/30\/pravda-ktera-nesmi-zemrit\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pravda, kter\u00e1 nesm\u00ed zem\u0159\u00edt - Instytut Polski w Pradze\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"27. ledna roku 1945 osvobodili sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci n\u011bmeck\u00fd nacistick\u00fd vyhlazovac\u00ed t\u00e1bor Osv\u011btim. To, co v n\u011bm objevili, dodnes nah\u00e1n\u00ed hr\u016fzu a vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 odezvu absolutn\u00edho mor\u00e1ln\u00edho odsouzen\u00ed. Svobodu tehdy z\u00edskalo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 7 tis\u00edc v\u011bz\u0148\u016f. P\u0159edt\u00edm, ve dnech 17. \u2013 21. ledna, bylo z koncentra\u010dn\u00edho t\u00e1bora Osv\u011btim a jeho d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch t\u00e1bor\u016f vypraveno kolem 56 tis\u00edc v\u011bz\u0148\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2020\/01\/30\/pravda-ktera-nesmi-zemrit\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Instytut Polski w Pradze\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/polskyinstitut\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-01-30T09:02:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-01-30T09:05:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/andrzej_duda_fot.-Kancelaria-Prezydenta.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"999\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"rohanovaj\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@PLInst_Praha\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napisane przez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"rohanovaj\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minut\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"event\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2020\/01\/30\/pravda-ktera-nesmi-zemrit\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2020\/01\/30\/pravda-ktera-nesmi-zemrit\/\",\"name\":\"Pravda, kter\u00e1 nesm\u00ed zem\u0159\u00edt\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2020\/01\/30\/pravda-ktera-nesmi-zemrit\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":[\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/andrzej_duda_fot.-Kancelaria-Prezydenta.jpg\",\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/andrzej_duda_fot.-Kancelaria-Prezydenta-300x200.jpg\",\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/andrzej_duda_fot.-Kancelaria-Prezydenta-1024x682.jpg\",\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/andrzej_duda_fot.-Kancelaria-Prezydenta.jpg\"],\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/andrzej_duda_fot.-Kancelaria-Prezydenta.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-01-30T09:02:52+02:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-01-30T09:05:09+02:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/#\/schema\/person\/b2616b1ced73c37295485071793a3747\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2020\/01\/30\/pravda-ktera-nesmi-zemrit\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2020\/01\/30\/pravda-ktera-nesmi-zemrit\/\"]}],\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"startDate\":\"2020-01-23\",\"endDate\":\"2020-01-23\",\"eventStatus\":\"EventScheduled\",\"eventAttendanceMode\":\"OfflineEventAttendanceMode\",\"location\":{\"@type\":\"place\",\"name\":\"\",\"address\":\"\",\"geo\":{\"@type\":\"GeoCoordinates\",\"latitude\":\"\",\"longitude\":\"\"}},\"description\":\"27. ledna roku 1945 osvobodili sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci n\u011bmeck\u00fd nacistick\u00fd vyhlazovac\u00ed t\u00e1bor Osv\u011btim. To, co v n\u011bm objevili, dodnes nah\u00e1n\u00ed hr\u016fzu a vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 odezvu absolutn\u00edho mor\u00e1ln\u00edho odsouzen\u00ed.\\nSvobodu tehdy z\u00edskalo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 7 tis\u00edc v\u011bz\u0148\u016f. P\u0159edt\u00edm, ve dnech 17. \u2013 21. ledna, bylo z koncentra\u010dn\u00edho t\u00e1bora Osv\u011btim a jeho d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch t\u00e1bor\u016f vypraveno kolem 56 tis\u00edc v\u011bz\u0148\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch pochodech smrti postupovaly hloub\u011bji na \u00fazem\u00ed T\u0159et\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. V t\u00e1bo\u0159e z\u016fstaly jen st\u00edny lidsk\u00fdch bytost\u00ed, nav\u017edy zmrza\u010den\u00e9 nep\u0159edstaviteln\u00fdm fyzick\u00fdm a psychick\u00fdm mu\u010den\u00edm. Jen z\u00e1zrakem p\u0159e\u017eily nelidsk\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed podm\u00ednky, hlad, mr\u00e1z, nemoci, vysiluj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1ci, nel\u00edtostn\u00e9 bit\u00ed a \u0161tvan\u00ed hladov\u00fdmi psy, k\u0159ik a nad\u00e1vky dozorc\u016f. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed byli ob\u011b\u0165mi zlo\u010dinn\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch pokus\u016f na lidech. Ka\u017ed\u00fd den se d\u00edvali na smrt sv\u00fdch druh\u016f v nep\u0159\u00edzni osudu: mu\u017e\u016f, \u017een, star\u0161\u00edch a posti\u017een\u00fdch, a tak\u00e9 d\u011bt\u00ed. Byli sv\u011bdky mnoha krut\u00fdch poprav \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 esesmani prov\u00e1d\u011bli jen pro svou z\u00e1bavu. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011bzni byli nuceni p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et mrtv\u00e1 t\u011bla lid\u00ed zavra\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch v plynov\u00fdch komor\u00e1ch a p\u00e1lit je v krematori\u00edch. S v\u011bdom\u00edm, \u017ee je \u010dek\u00e1 tent\u00fd\u017e osud.\\nTo je pouze stru\u010dn\u00fd popis pekla na zemi, kter\u00fdm byl koncentra\u010dn\u00ed t\u00e1bor Osv\u011btim \u2013 m\u00edsto, v n\u011bm\u017e bylo zavra\u017ed\u011bno v\u00edce ne\u017e milion \u017did\u016f a tis\u00edce ob\u011bt\u00ed jin\u00fdch n\u00e1rodnost\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b Pol\u00e1k\u016f, Rom\u016f, Sint\u016f a v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zajatc\u016f Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. Stejn\u00fd osud potkal miliony \u017did\u016f usmrcen\u00fdch v ostatn\u00edch n\u011bmeck\u00fdch nacistick\u00fdch t\u00e1borech smrti: v Treblince, Sobiboru, Bel\u017eci, Kulmhofu, Stutthofu a des\u00edtk\u00e1ch dal\u0161\u00edch. \u00da\u0159ady T\u0159et\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e napl\u00e1novaly a realizovaly celkov\u00e9 vyhlazen\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho obyvatelstva. Proto vytvo\u0159ili s\u00ed\u0165 t\u00e1bor\u016f funguj\u00edc\u00edch jako skute\u010dn\u00e9 tov\u00e1rny na smrt. Vra\u017edy tam byly prov\u00e1d\u011bny jako pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 \u010dinnost \u2013 ve stovk\u00e1ch a tis\u00edc\u00edch, efektivn\u011b, se zohledn\u011bn\u00edm \u010dasu a n\u00e1klad\u016f na dopravu, a byla o nich vedena podrobn\u00e1 dokumentace. Nikdy p\u0159edt\u00edm nedo\u0161lo k tak extr\u00e9mn\u00ed dehumanizaci a pon\u00ed\u017een\u00ed milion\u016f nevinn\u00fdch ob\u011bt\u00ed.\\nJe t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 o tom ps\u00e1t, \u010d\u00edst, mluvit... V biblick\u00e9 Knize Kazatel nach\u00e1z\u00edme tato slova: Velk\u00e1 moudrost toti\u017e p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed velk\u00e9 tr\u00e1pen\u00ed, tak\u017ee komu p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 pozn\u00e1n\u00ed, tomu p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 bolest. Je v\u0161ak zapot\u0159eb\u00ed toto tr\u00e1pen\u00ed podstoupit. Takov\u00e9 pozn\u00e1n\u00ed mus\u00edme p\u0159edat nov\u00fdm generac\u00edm. I za cenu bolesti, kterou p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed. Budoucnost sv\u011bta mus\u00edme utv\u00e1\u0159et na z\u00e1klad\u011b hlubok\u00e9ho pochopen\u00ed toho, k \u010demu do\u0161lo v srdci Evropy p\u0159ed 75 lety a o \u010dem o\u010dit\u00ed sv\u011bdkov\u00e9 st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b vypov\u00eddaj\u00ed. Nech\u0165 to, co se stalo s n\u00e1rodem potomk\u016f Leibnize, Goetha, Schillera a Bacha \u2013 kdy\u017e byl infikov\u00e1n virem imperi\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00fdchy a rasistick\u00e9ho pohrd\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 je v\u011b\u010dnou v\u00fdstrahou. Nesm\u00edme tak\u00e9 zapom\u00ednat, \u017ee posledn\u00edm a rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm krokem k vypuknut\u00ed druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky \u2013 bez n\u011bho\u017e by nedo\u0161lo k trag\u00e9dii holocaustu \u2013 byl tajn\u00fd pakt mezi Hitlerem a Stalinem z 23. srpna 1939. Tato dohoda byla zalo\u017eena na p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee zem\u011b st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy budou p\u0159ipraveny o svobodu a zbaveny suverenity. \u00dazk\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce mezi dv\u011bma totalitn\u00edmi re\u017eimy, kter\u00e1 byla tehdy iniciov\u00e1na, trvala a\u017e do posledn\u00edch hodin p\u0159ed \u00fatokem, kter\u00fdm dne 22. \u010dervna 1941 nacistick\u00e9 N\u011bmecko p\u0159ekvapilo Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz.\\nPravda o holocaustu nem\u016f\u017ee zem\u0159\u00edt. Nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt zkreslov\u00e1na ani instrumentalizov\u00e1na za \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010delem. Ve jm\u00e9nu nedotknuteln\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky na vyhlazov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017did\u016f a v \u00fact\u011b k ostatn\u00edm ob\u011btem totalitn\u00edch re\u017eim\u016f dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed \u2013 to nesm\u00edme a nebudeme tolerovat. Tento zlo\u010din budeme sv\u011btu st\u00e1le p\u0159ipom\u00ednat, aby na n\u011bj nezapom\u00ednal. Neustaneme v na\u0161em \u00fasil\u00ed, aby se nic podobn\u00e9ho ji\u017e nikdy neopakovalo.\\n\u00dakolu odhalit pravdu o holocaustu a pom\u00e1hat \u017did\u016fm, jim\u017e hrozilo vyvra\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed, se velmi brzy ujalo polsk\u00e9 hnut\u00ed odporu. Polsk\u00fd podzemn\u00ed st\u00e1t, kter\u00fd vznikl na na\u0161em okupovan\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed, se sna\u017eil chr\u00e1nit v\u0161echny ty, kte\u0159\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b doned\u00e1vna byli ob\u010dany nez\u00e1visl\u00e9ho Polska. V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1940 se polsk\u00fd arm\u00e1dn\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edk Witold Pilecki, jednaj\u00edc\u00ed se souhlasem podzemn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f, nechal \u00famysln\u011b uv\u011bznit v koncentra\u010dn\u00edm t\u00e1bo\u0159e v Osv\u011btimi. Utekl v dubnu 1943 a n\u00e1sledn\u011b podal sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o tom, co se tam d\u011blo. Zde je \u00faryvek: \u201eNemocn\u00ed [tyfem], lid\u00e9 v bezv\u011bdom\u00ed i t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zdrav\u00ed (...) byli vecp\u00e1ni do aut a odvezeni (...) do plynov\u00fdch komor. (...) Jeden osmilet\u00fd chlapec prosil eses\u00e1ka, aby ho nechal. Poklekl p\u0159ed n\u00edm na zem. Eses\u00e1k ho kopnul do \u017ealudku a hodil ho do auta jako \u0161t\u011bn\u011b.\u201c Tak\u00e9 Jan Karski, tajn\u00fd vyslanec polsk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f v emigraci, vid\u011bl na vlastn\u00ed o\u010di zv\u011brstva, ke kter\u00fdm doch\u00e1zelo ve var\u0161avsk\u00e9m ghettu a v n\u011bmeck\u00e9m tranzitn\u00edm t\u00e1bo\u0159e v Izbici. Sepsal memorandum o n\u011bmeck\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 genocid\u011b \u017did\u016f. Od prosince 1942 je prezentoval p\u0159edstavitel\u016fm ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed a nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm org\u00e1n\u016fm spojeneck\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm gener\u00e1l W\u0142adys\u0142aw Sikorski, p\u0159edseda polsk\u00e9 exilov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy v Lond\u00fdn\u011b, zaslal spojenc\u016fm n\u00f3tu p\u0159ijatou na zased\u00e1n\u00ed Rady ministr\u016f dne 6. \u010dervna 1942. V n\u00ed uvedl: \u201e... vyvra\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00e9 populace prob\u00edh\u00e1 v neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch rozm\u011brech. Ve m\u011bstech, jako je Vilno, Lvov, Kolomyja, Stanislav, Lublin, Rzesz\u00f3w, Miech\u00f3w, jsou zab\u00edjeny des\u00edtky tis\u00edc \u017did\u016f. V ghettech ve Var\u0161av\u011b a Krakov\u011b prov\u00e1d\u00ed gestapo ka\u017edodenn\u00ed hromadn\u00e9 popravy. (...) \u017did\u00e9 v Polsku jsou ob\u011b\u0165mi nejstra\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00edho pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 historii\u201d.\\nSou\u010dasn\u011b Polsk\u00fd podzemn\u00ed st\u00e1t vytvo\u0159il p\u0159i \u00da\u0159adu vl\u00e1dn\u00edho deleg\u00e1ta Polsk\u00e9 republiky Radu pomoci \u017did\u016fm. D\u00edky n\u00ed z\u00edskalo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 50 tis\u00edc osob dokumenty, p\u0159\u00edst\u0159e\u0161\u00ed, pen\u00edze a l\u00e9ka\u0159skou p\u00e9\u010di. Pol\u0161t\u00ed diplomat\u00e9 organizovali z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 \u00fat\u011bky \u017did\u016f na \u00fazem\u00ed, je\u017e nebyla pod nadvl\u00e1dou nacistick\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka. V\u00fdznamn\u00e9 procento p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00edch holocaust vd\u011b\u010d\u00ed za sv\u00e9 \u017eivoty tis\u00edc\u016fm polsk\u00fdch Spravedliv\u00fdch mezi n\u00e1rody. V na\u0161ich rodinn\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edch, v historick\u00fdch dokumentech a liter\u00e1rn\u00edch zpracov\u00e1n\u00edch p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed vzpom\u00ednky na mnoho lid\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, ukr\u00fdvan\u00fdch v podkrov\u00edch, suter\u00e9nech a stodol\u00e1ch. O poskytnut\u00ed skromn\u00e9ho \u200b\u200bj\u00eddla \u017eidovsk\u00fdm uprchl\u00edk\u016fm nebo o tom, jak jim uk\u00e1zali bezpe\u010dnou \u00fanikovou cestu. A mus\u00edte v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee v Polsku za ka\u017ed\u00e9 takov\u00e9 gesto n\u011bmeck\u00fd okupant trestal smrt\u00ed. Stalo se to stokr\u00e1t. Mezi miliony Pol\u00e1k\u016f byli tak\u00e9 lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed mohli pomoci ukr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edm se \u017did\u016fm, ale nebyli schopni p\u0159ekonat strach o vlastn\u00ed \u017eivot a \u017eivoty sv\u00fdch bl\u00edzk\u00fdch. Vyskytli se i tac\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed z n\u00edzk\u00fdch popud\u016f p\u0159edali \u017didy n\u011bmeck\u00fdm okupa\u010dn\u00edm \u00fa\u0159ad\u016fm nebo se sami v\u016f\u010di nim dopou\u0161t\u011bli ostudn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f. Za dramatick\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed t\u00e9 doby trestal soudn\u00ed syst\u00e9m Polsk\u00e9ho podzemn\u00edho st\u00e1tu tyto zlo\u010dince rozsudkem smrti.\\nNacistick\u00e9 koncentra\u010dn\u00ed t\u00e1bory vybudovan\u00e9 v okupovan\u00e9m Polsku pro n\u00e1s byly a dodnes jsou nesnesiteln\u00fdm pon\u00ed\u017een\u00edm. Jsou drastick\u00fdm pop\u0159en\u00edm na\u0161\u00ed tis\u00edcilet\u00e9 kultury a historie, polsk\u00e9ho ducha svobody, tolerance a solidarity. Genocida \u017did\u016f, a\u010dkoli prob\u00edhala t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b, byla zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 tvrdou ranou pro polsk\u00fd st\u00e1t, kter\u00fd byl po stalet\u00ed mnohon\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd a mnohon\u00e1rodnostn\u00ed. \u017didovsk\u00e1 komunita v p\u0159edv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m Polsku byla jednou z nejpo\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v cel\u00e9 historii tohoto n\u00e1roda. Ze \u0161esti milion\u016f obyvatel Polsk\u00e9 republiky, kte\u0159\u00ed zahynuli v d\u016fsledku druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky (co\u017e je jedna p\u011btina celkov\u00e9 populace), byly a\u017e t\u0159i miliony polsk\u00fdch \u017did\u016f. To oni tvo\u0159\u00ed nejpo\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed skupinu ob\u011bt\u00ed holocaustu.\\n \u017didovsk\u00e1 komunita, \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed a rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 deset stolet\u00ed, za n\u011bkolik let prakticky zmizela. Polsko najednou ztratilo tis\u00edce \u017eidovsk\u00fdch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f kultury a v\u011bdy, l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f, pr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016f a \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f, podnikatel\u016f, \u0159emesln\u00edk\u016f, obchodn\u00edk\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch oce\u0148ovan\u00fdch odborn\u00edk\u016f. Mezi zavra\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdmi byli man\u017eel\u00e9, p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9, soused\u00e9 a spolupracovn\u00edci osob s ne\u017eidovsk\u00fdmi ko\u0159eny. Utrpen\u00ed \u017did\u016f, shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi okupanty v uzav\u0159en\u00fdch \u010dtvrt\u00edch, jak\u00fdmi byla ghetta, p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v pam\u011bti na\u0161ich m\u011bst. Jako modlitebny dnes slou\u017e\u00ed pouze jednotliv\u00e9 p\u0159edv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 synagogy. Jidi\u0161 a hebrej\u0161tina ji\u017e nezn\u00ed v dochovan\u00fdch budov\u00e1ch \u017eidovsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u0161kol \u010di ritu\u00e1ln\u00edch l\u00e1zn\u00ed. Na \u00fazem\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho Polska se nach\u00e1z\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1200 \u017eidovsk\u00fdch h\u0159bitov\u016f, ale zdej\u0161\u00ed hroby ji\u017e nem\u00e1 kdo nav\u0161t\u011bvovat. \u017didovsk\u00e1 um\u011bleck\u00e1 d\u00edla \u010di v\u00fdtvory um\u011bleck\u00fdch \u0159emesel, staro\u017eitn\u00e9 knihy, tisky a rukopisy u\u010denc\u016f, liter\u00e1t\u016f a skladatel\u016f byly nen\u00e1vratn\u011b zni\u010deny.\\nD\u011bjiny \u017did\u016f v Polsku a historii jejich zni\u010den\u00e9ho sv\u011bta vypr\u00e1v\u00edme dnes prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm v\u011bdeck\u00fdch publikac\u00ed a konferenc\u00ed, festival\u016f, v\u00fdstav, koncert\u016f a pam\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f, v r\u00e1mci \u010dinnosti st\u00e1tn\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch a kulturn\u00edch instituc\u00ed, jako jsou muzea, divadla, archivy a knihovny. \u017didovsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 komunita, spole\u010densk\u00e9 organizace, vydavatelstv\u00ed a \u010dasopisy se postupn\u011b obrozuj\u00ed. Podporujeme tyto aktivity, proto\u017ee v p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu o polsk\u00fdch \u017didech a jejich utrpen\u00ed nesm\u00ed m\u00edt n\u011bmeck\u00fd nacismus posledn\u00ed slovo.\\nP\u0159ipom\u00ednka trag\u00e9die, jakou bylo vyvra\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017did\u016f, by m\u011bla b\u00fdt d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm a trval\u00fdm prvkem v\u00fdchovy k m\u00edru. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem, kter\u00fd pronik\u00e1 hluboko do lidsk\u00fdch srdc\u00ed, l\u00e1me bari\u00e9ry p\u0159edsudk\u016f, rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed a nen\u00e1visti. Lekc\u00ed, jak projevit porozum\u011bn\u00ed a jak pomoci t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou osudem nejv\u00edce zkou\u0161eni.\\nPr\u00e1v\u011b v tomto duchu si budeme p\u0159ipom\u00ednat Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed den pam\u00e1tky ob\u011bt\u00ed holocaustu. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b rozhodnut\u00ed Valn\u00e9ho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed OSN p\u0159ipad\u00e1 tento den ji\u017e 15 let na v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed osvobozen\u00ed koncentra\u010dn\u00edho t\u00e1bora v Osv\u011btimi. Proto se za \u010dty\u0159i dny v polsk\u00e9m St\u00e1tn\u00edm muzeu Osv\u011btim-B\u0159ezinka \u2013 v m\u00edst\u011b, kde je rozpt\u00fdlen popel v\u00edce ne\u017e milionu ob\u011bt\u00ed holocaustu \u2013 setk\u00e1me s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159edstaviteli st\u00e1t\u016f a vl\u00e1d cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Doprov\u00e1zet n\u00e1s budou st\u0159\u00edbrovlas\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed. K 75. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed symbolick\u00e9ho ukon\u010den\u00ed vyvra\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed pod\u00e1me sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o pravd\u011b. Spole\u010dn\u011b budeme apelovat na m\u00edr, spravedlnost a \u00factu mezi n\u00e1rody.\\nNa v\u011b\u010dnou pam\u00e1tku zavra\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdm v koncentra\u010dn\u00edm t\u00e1bo\u0159e v Osv\u011btimi a na jejich po\u010dest!\\nNa v\u011b\u010dnou pam\u00e1tku ob\u011btem holokaustu a na jejich po\u010dest!\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2020\/01\/30\/pravda-ktera-nesmi-zemrit\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/andrzej_duda_fot.-Kancelaria-Prezydenta.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/andrzej_duda_fot.-Kancelaria-Prezydenta.jpg\",\"width\":1500,\"height\":999,\"caption\":\"Andrzej Duda, prezident Polsk\u00e9 republiky\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2020\/01\/30\/pravda-ktera-nesmi-zemrit\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Pravda, kter\u00e1 nesm\u00ed zem\u0159\u00edt\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/\",\"name\":\"Instytut Polski w Pradze\",\"description\":\"Instytuty Polskie\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/#\/schema\/person\/b2616b1ced73c37295485071793a3747\",\"name\":\"rohanovaj\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e3ce3a936d8c3611e66fbcc40f1fb845?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e3ce3a936d8c3611e66fbcc40f1fb845?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"rohanovaj\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/polskyinstitut\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/polinst_praha\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/PLInst_Praha\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/polskyinstitut\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/author\/rohanovaj\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Pravda, kter\u00e1 nesm\u00ed zem\u0159\u00edt - Instytut Polski w Pradze","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2020\/01\/30\/pravda-ktera-nesmi-zemrit\/","og_locale":"pl_PL","og_type":"article","og_title":"Pravda, kter\u00e1 nesm\u00ed zem\u0159\u00edt - Instytut Polski w Pradze","og_description":"27. ledna roku 1945 osvobodili sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci n\u011bmeck\u00fd nacistick\u00fd vyhlazovac\u00ed t\u00e1bor Osv\u011btim. To, co v n\u011bm objevili, dodnes nah\u00e1n\u00ed hr\u016fzu a vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 odezvu absolutn\u00edho mor\u00e1ln\u00edho odsouzen\u00ed. Svobodu tehdy z\u00edskalo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 7 tis\u00edc v\u011bz\u0148\u016f. P\u0159edt\u00edm, ve dnech 17. \u2013 21. ledna, bylo z koncentra\u010dn\u00edho t\u00e1bora Osv\u011btim a jeho d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch t\u00e1bor\u016f vypraveno kolem 56 tis\u00edc v\u011bz\u0148\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2020\/01\/30\/pravda-ktera-nesmi-zemrit\/","og_site_name":"Instytut Polski w Pradze","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/polskyinstitut","article_published_time":"2020-01-30T09:02:52+00:00","article_modified_time":"2020-01-30T09:05:09+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1500,"height":999,"url":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/andrzej_duda_fot.-Kancelaria-Prezydenta.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"rohanovaj","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@PLInst_Praha","twitter_misc":{"Napisane przez":"rohanovaj","Szacowany czas czytania":"10 minut"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"event","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2020\/01\/30\/pravda-ktera-nesmi-zemrit\/","url":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2020\/01\/30\/pravda-ktera-nesmi-zemrit\/","name":"Pravda, kter\u00e1 nesm\u00ed zem\u0159\u00edt","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2020\/01\/30\/pravda-ktera-nesmi-zemrit\/#primaryimage"},"image":["https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/andrzej_duda_fot.-Kancelaria-Prezydenta.jpg","https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/andrzej_duda_fot.-Kancelaria-Prezydenta-300x200.jpg","https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/andrzej_duda_fot.-Kancelaria-Prezydenta-1024x682.jpg","https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/andrzej_duda_fot.-Kancelaria-Prezydenta.jpg"],"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/andrzej_duda_fot.-Kancelaria-Prezydenta.jpg","datePublished":"2020-01-30T09:02:52+02:00","dateModified":"2020-01-30T09:05:09+02:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/#\/schema\/person\/b2616b1ced73c37295485071793a3747"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2020\/01\/30\/pravda-ktera-nesmi-zemrit\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pl-PL","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2020\/01\/30\/pravda-ktera-nesmi-zemrit\/"]}],"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","startDate":"2020-01-23","endDate":"2020-01-23","eventStatus":"EventScheduled","eventAttendanceMode":"OfflineEventAttendanceMode","location":{"@type":"place","name":"","address":"","geo":{"@type":"GeoCoordinates","latitude":"","longitude":""}},"description":"27. ledna roku 1945 osvobodili sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci n\u011bmeck\u00fd nacistick\u00fd vyhlazovac\u00ed t\u00e1bor Osv\u011btim. To, co v n\u011bm objevili, dodnes nah\u00e1n\u00ed hr\u016fzu a vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 odezvu absolutn\u00edho mor\u00e1ln\u00edho odsouzen\u00ed.\nSvobodu tehdy z\u00edskalo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 7 tis\u00edc v\u011bz\u0148\u016f. P\u0159edt\u00edm, ve dnech 17. \u2013 21. ledna, bylo z koncentra\u010dn\u00edho t\u00e1bora Osv\u011btim a jeho d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch t\u00e1bor\u016f vypraveno kolem 56 tis\u00edc v\u011bz\u0148\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch pochodech smrti postupovaly hloub\u011bji na \u00fazem\u00ed T\u0159et\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. V t\u00e1bo\u0159e z\u016fstaly jen st\u00edny lidsk\u00fdch bytost\u00ed, nav\u017edy zmrza\u010den\u00e9 nep\u0159edstaviteln\u00fdm fyzick\u00fdm a psychick\u00fdm mu\u010den\u00edm. Jen z\u00e1zrakem p\u0159e\u017eily nelidsk\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed podm\u00ednky, hlad, mr\u00e1z, nemoci, vysiluj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1ci, nel\u00edtostn\u00e9 bit\u00ed a \u0161tvan\u00ed hladov\u00fdmi psy, k\u0159ik a nad\u00e1vky dozorc\u016f. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed byli ob\u011b\u0165mi zlo\u010dinn\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch pokus\u016f na lidech. Ka\u017ed\u00fd den se d\u00edvali na smrt sv\u00fdch druh\u016f v nep\u0159\u00edzni osudu: mu\u017e\u016f, \u017een, star\u0161\u00edch a posti\u017een\u00fdch, a tak\u00e9 d\u011bt\u00ed. Byli sv\u011bdky mnoha krut\u00fdch poprav \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 esesmani prov\u00e1d\u011bli jen pro svou z\u00e1bavu. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011bzni byli nuceni p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et mrtv\u00e1 t\u011bla lid\u00ed zavra\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch v plynov\u00fdch komor\u00e1ch a p\u00e1lit je v krematori\u00edch. S v\u011bdom\u00edm, \u017ee je \u010dek\u00e1 tent\u00fd\u017e osud.\nTo je pouze stru\u010dn\u00fd popis pekla na zemi, kter\u00fdm byl koncentra\u010dn\u00ed t\u00e1bor Osv\u011btim \u2013 m\u00edsto, v n\u011bm\u017e bylo zavra\u017ed\u011bno v\u00edce ne\u017e milion \u017did\u016f a tis\u00edce ob\u011bt\u00ed jin\u00fdch n\u00e1rodnost\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b Pol\u00e1k\u016f, Rom\u016f, Sint\u016f a v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zajatc\u016f Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. Stejn\u00fd osud potkal miliony \u017did\u016f usmrcen\u00fdch v ostatn\u00edch n\u011bmeck\u00fdch nacistick\u00fdch t\u00e1borech smrti: v Treblince, Sobiboru, Bel\u017eci, Kulmhofu, Stutthofu a des\u00edtk\u00e1ch dal\u0161\u00edch. \u00da\u0159ady T\u0159et\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e napl\u00e1novaly a realizovaly celkov\u00e9 vyhlazen\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho obyvatelstva. Proto vytvo\u0159ili s\u00ed\u0165 t\u00e1bor\u016f funguj\u00edc\u00edch jako skute\u010dn\u00e9 tov\u00e1rny na smrt. Vra\u017edy tam byly prov\u00e1d\u011bny jako pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 \u010dinnost \u2013 ve stovk\u00e1ch a tis\u00edc\u00edch, efektivn\u011b, se zohledn\u011bn\u00edm \u010dasu a n\u00e1klad\u016f na dopravu, a byla o nich vedena podrobn\u00e1 dokumentace. Nikdy p\u0159edt\u00edm nedo\u0161lo k tak extr\u00e9mn\u00ed dehumanizaci a pon\u00ed\u017een\u00ed milion\u016f nevinn\u00fdch ob\u011bt\u00ed.\nJe t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 o tom ps\u00e1t, \u010d\u00edst, mluvit... V biblick\u00e9 Knize Kazatel nach\u00e1z\u00edme tato slova: Velk\u00e1 moudrost toti\u017e p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed velk\u00e9 tr\u00e1pen\u00ed, tak\u017ee komu p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 pozn\u00e1n\u00ed, tomu p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 bolest. Je v\u0161ak zapot\u0159eb\u00ed toto tr\u00e1pen\u00ed podstoupit. Takov\u00e9 pozn\u00e1n\u00ed mus\u00edme p\u0159edat nov\u00fdm generac\u00edm. I za cenu bolesti, kterou p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed. Budoucnost sv\u011bta mus\u00edme utv\u00e1\u0159et na z\u00e1klad\u011b hlubok\u00e9ho pochopen\u00ed toho, k \u010demu do\u0161lo v srdci Evropy p\u0159ed 75 lety a o \u010dem o\u010dit\u00ed sv\u011bdkov\u00e9 st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b vypov\u00eddaj\u00ed. Nech\u0165 to, co se stalo s n\u00e1rodem potomk\u016f Leibnize, Goetha, Schillera a Bacha \u2013 kdy\u017e byl infikov\u00e1n virem imperi\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00fdchy a rasistick\u00e9ho pohrd\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 je v\u011b\u010dnou v\u00fdstrahou. Nesm\u00edme tak\u00e9 zapom\u00ednat, \u017ee posledn\u00edm a rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm krokem k vypuknut\u00ed druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky \u2013 bez n\u011bho\u017e by nedo\u0161lo k trag\u00e9dii holocaustu \u2013 byl tajn\u00fd pakt mezi Hitlerem a Stalinem z 23. srpna 1939. Tato dohoda byla zalo\u017eena na p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee zem\u011b st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy budou p\u0159ipraveny o svobodu a zbaveny suverenity. \u00dazk\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce mezi dv\u011bma totalitn\u00edmi re\u017eimy, kter\u00e1 byla tehdy iniciov\u00e1na, trvala a\u017e do posledn\u00edch hodin p\u0159ed \u00fatokem, kter\u00fdm dne 22. \u010dervna 1941 nacistick\u00e9 N\u011bmecko p\u0159ekvapilo Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz.\nPravda o holocaustu nem\u016f\u017ee zem\u0159\u00edt. Nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt zkreslov\u00e1na ani instrumentalizov\u00e1na za \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010delem. Ve jm\u00e9nu nedotknuteln\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky na vyhlazov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017did\u016f a v \u00fact\u011b k ostatn\u00edm ob\u011btem totalitn\u00edch re\u017eim\u016f dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed \u2013 to nesm\u00edme a nebudeme tolerovat. Tento zlo\u010din budeme sv\u011btu st\u00e1le p\u0159ipom\u00ednat, aby na n\u011bj nezapom\u00ednal. Neustaneme v na\u0161em \u00fasil\u00ed, aby se nic podobn\u00e9ho ji\u017e nikdy neopakovalo.\n\u00dakolu odhalit pravdu o holocaustu a pom\u00e1hat \u017did\u016fm, jim\u017e hrozilo vyvra\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed, se velmi brzy ujalo polsk\u00e9 hnut\u00ed odporu. Polsk\u00fd podzemn\u00ed st\u00e1t, kter\u00fd vznikl na na\u0161em okupovan\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed, se sna\u017eil chr\u00e1nit v\u0161echny ty, kte\u0159\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b doned\u00e1vna byli ob\u010dany nez\u00e1visl\u00e9ho Polska. V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1940 se polsk\u00fd arm\u00e1dn\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edk Witold Pilecki, jednaj\u00edc\u00ed se souhlasem podzemn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f, nechal \u00famysln\u011b uv\u011bznit v koncentra\u010dn\u00edm t\u00e1bo\u0159e v Osv\u011btimi. Utekl v dubnu 1943 a n\u00e1sledn\u011b podal sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o tom, co se tam d\u011blo. Zde je \u00faryvek: \u201eNemocn\u00ed [tyfem], lid\u00e9 v bezv\u011bdom\u00ed i t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zdrav\u00ed (...) byli vecp\u00e1ni do aut a odvezeni (...) do plynov\u00fdch komor. (...) Jeden osmilet\u00fd chlapec prosil eses\u00e1ka, aby ho nechal. Poklekl p\u0159ed n\u00edm na zem. Eses\u00e1k ho kopnul do \u017ealudku a hodil ho do auta jako \u0161t\u011bn\u011b.\u201c Tak\u00e9 Jan Karski, tajn\u00fd vyslanec polsk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f v emigraci, vid\u011bl na vlastn\u00ed o\u010di zv\u011brstva, ke kter\u00fdm doch\u00e1zelo ve var\u0161avsk\u00e9m ghettu a v n\u011bmeck\u00e9m tranzitn\u00edm t\u00e1bo\u0159e v Izbici. Sepsal memorandum o n\u011bmeck\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 genocid\u011b \u017did\u016f. Od prosince 1942 je prezentoval p\u0159edstavitel\u016fm ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed a nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm org\u00e1n\u016fm spojeneck\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm gener\u00e1l W\u0142adys\u0142aw Sikorski, p\u0159edseda polsk\u00e9 exilov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy v Lond\u00fdn\u011b, zaslal spojenc\u016fm n\u00f3tu p\u0159ijatou na zased\u00e1n\u00ed Rady ministr\u016f dne 6. \u010dervna 1942. V n\u00ed uvedl: \u201e... vyvra\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00e9 populace prob\u00edh\u00e1 v neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch rozm\u011brech. Ve m\u011bstech, jako je Vilno, Lvov, Kolomyja, Stanislav, Lublin, Rzesz\u00f3w, Miech\u00f3w, jsou zab\u00edjeny des\u00edtky tis\u00edc \u017did\u016f. V ghettech ve Var\u0161av\u011b a Krakov\u011b prov\u00e1d\u00ed gestapo ka\u017edodenn\u00ed hromadn\u00e9 popravy. (...) \u017did\u00e9 v Polsku jsou ob\u011b\u0165mi nejstra\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00edho pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 historii\u201d.\nSou\u010dasn\u011b Polsk\u00fd podzemn\u00ed st\u00e1t vytvo\u0159il p\u0159i \u00da\u0159adu vl\u00e1dn\u00edho deleg\u00e1ta Polsk\u00e9 republiky Radu pomoci \u017did\u016fm. D\u00edky n\u00ed z\u00edskalo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 50 tis\u00edc osob dokumenty, p\u0159\u00edst\u0159e\u0161\u00ed, pen\u00edze a l\u00e9ka\u0159skou p\u00e9\u010di. Pol\u0161t\u00ed diplomat\u00e9 organizovali z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 \u00fat\u011bky \u017did\u016f na \u00fazem\u00ed, je\u017e nebyla pod nadvl\u00e1dou nacistick\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka. V\u00fdznamn\u00e9 procento p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00edch holocaust vd\u011b\u010d\u00ed za sv\u00e9 \u017eivoty tis\u00edc\u016fm polsk\u00fdch Spravedliv\u00fdch mezi n\u00e1rody. V na\u0161ich rodinn\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edch, v historick\u00fdch dokumentech a liter\u00e1rn\u00edch zpracov\u00e1n\u00edch p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed vzpom\u00ednky na mnoho lid\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, ukr\u00fdvan\u00fdch v podkrov\u00edch, suter\u00e9nech a stodol\u00e1ch. O poskytnut\u00ed skromn\u00e9ho \u200b\u200bj\u00eddla \u017eidovsk\u00fdm uprchl\u00edk\u016fm nebo o tom, jak jim uk\u00e1zali bezpe\u010dnou \u00fanikovou cestu. A mus\u00edte v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee v Polsku za ka\u017ed\u00e9 takov\u00e9 gesto n\u011bmeck\u00fd okupant trestal smrt\u00ed. Stalo se to stokr\u00e1t. Mezi miliony Pol\u00e1k\u016f byli tak\u00e9 lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed mohli pomoci ukr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edm se \u017did\u016fm, ale nebyli schopni p\u0159ekonat strach o vlastn\u00ed \u017eivot a \u017eivoty sv\u00fdch bl\u00edzk\u00fdch. Vyskytli se i tac\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed z n\u00edzk\u00fdch popud\u016f p\u0159edali \u017didy n\u011bmeck\u00fdm okupa\u010dn\u00edm \u00fa\u0159ad\u016fm nebo se sami v\u016f\u010di nim dopou\u0161t\u011bli ostudn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f. Za dramatick\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed t\u00e9 doby trestal soudn\u00ed syst\u00e9m Polsk\u00e9ho podzemn\u00edho st\u00e1tu tyto zlo\u010dince rozsudkem smrti.\nNacistick\u00e9 koncentra\u010dn\u00ed t\u00e1bory vybudovan\u00e9 v okupovan\u00e9m Polsku pro n\u00e1s byly a dodnes jsou nesnesiteln\u00fdm pon\u00ed\u017een\u00edm. Jsou drastick\u00fdm pop\u0159en\u00edm na\u0161\u00ed tis\u00edcilet\u00e9 kultury a historie, polsk\u00e9ho ducha svobody, tolerance a solidarity. Genocida \u017did\u016f, a\u010dkoli prob\u00edhala t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b, byla zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 tvrdou ranou pro polsk\u00fd st\u00e1t, kter\u00fd byl po stalet\u00ed mnohon\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd a mnohon\u00e1rodnostn\u00ed. \u017didovsk\u00e1 komunita v p\u0159edv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m Polsku byla jednou z nejpo\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v cel\u00e9 historii tohoto n\u00e1roda. Ze \u0161esti milion\u016f obyvatel Polsk\u00e9 republiky, kte\u0159\u00ed zahynuli v d\u016fsledku druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky (co\u017e je jedna p\u011btina celkov\u00e9 populace), byly a\u017e t\u0159i miliony polsk\u00fdch \u017did\u016f. To oni tvo\u0159\u00ed nejpo\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed skupinu ob\u011bt\u00ed holocaustu.\n \u017didovsk\u00e1 komunita, \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed a rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 deset stolet\u00ed, za n\u011bkolik let prakticky zmizela. Polsko najednou ztratilo tis\u00edce \u017eidovsk\u00fdch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f kultury a v\u011bdy, l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f, pr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016f a \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f, podnikatel\u016f, \u0159emesln\u00edk\u016f, obchodn\u00edk\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch oce\u0148ovan\u00fdch odborn\u00edk\u016f. Mezi zavra\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdmi byli man\u017eel\u00e9, p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9, soused\u00e9 a spolupracovn\u00edci osob s ne\u017eidovsk\u00fdmi ko\u0159eny. Utrpen\u00ed \u017did\u016f, shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi okupanty v uzav\u0159en\u00fdch \u010dtvrt\u00edch, jak\u00fdmi byla ghetta, p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v pam\u011bti na\u0161ich m\u011bst. Jako modlitebny dnes slou\u017e\u00ed pouze jednotliv\u00e9 p\u0159edv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 synagogy. Jidi\u0161 a hebrej\u0161tina ji\u017e nezn\u00ed v dochovan\u00fdch budov\u00e1ch \u017eidovsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u0161kol \u010di ritu\u00e1ln\u00edch l\u00e1zn\u00ed. Na \u00fazem\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho Polska se nach\u00e1z\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1200 \u017eidovsk\u00fdch h\u0159bitov\u016f, ale zdej\u0161\u00ed hroby ji\u017e nem\u00e1 kdo nav\u0161t\u011bvovat. \u017didovsk\u00e1 um\u011bleck\u00e1 d\u00edla \u010di v\u00fdtvory um\u011bleck\u00fdch \u0159emesel, staro\u017eitn\u00e9 knihy, tisky a rukopisy u\u010denc\u016f, liter\u00e1t\u016f a skladatel\u016f byly nen\u00e1vratn\u011b zni\u010deny.\nD\u011bjiny \u017did\u016f v Polsku a historii jejich zni\u010den\u00e9ho sv\u011bta vypr\u00e1v\u00edme dnes prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm v\u011bdeck\u00fdch publikac\u00ed a konferenc\u00ed, festival\u016f, v\u00fdstav, koncert\u016f a pam\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f, v r\u00e1mci \u010dinnosti st\u00e1tn\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch a kulturn\u00edch instituc\u00ed, jako jsou muzea, divadla, archivy a knihovny. \u017didovsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 komunita, spole\u010densk\u00e9 organizace, vydavatelstv\u00ed a \u010dasopisy se postupn\u011b obrozuj\u00ed. Podporujeme tyto aktivity, proto\u017ee v p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu o polsk\u00fdch \u017didech a jejich utrpen\u00ed nesm\u00ed m\u00edt n\u011bmeck\u00fd nacismus posledn\u00ed slovo.\nP\u0159ipom\u00ednka trag\u00e9die, jakou bylo vyvra\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017did\u016f, by m\u011bla b\u00fdt d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm a trval\u00fdm prvkem v\u00fdchovy k m\u00edru. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem, kter\u00fd pronik\u00e1 hluboko do lidsk\u00fdch srdc\u00ed, l\u00e1me bari\u00e9ry p\u0159edsudk\u016f, rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed a nen\u00e1visti. Lekc\u00ed, jak projevit porozum\u011bn\u00ed a jak pomoci t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou osudem nejv\u00edce zkou\u0161eni.\nPr\u00e1v\u011b v tomto duchu si budeme p\u0159ipom\u00ednat Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed den pam\u00e1tky ob\u011bt\u00ed holocaustu. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b rozhodnut\u00ed Valn\u00e9ho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed OSN p\u0159ipad\u00e1 tento den ji\u017e 15 let na v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed osvobozen\u00ed koncentra\u010dn\u00edho t\u00e1bora v Osv\u011btimi. Proto se za \u010dty\u0159i dny v polsk\u00e9m St\u00e1tn\u00edm muzeu Osv\u011btim-B\u0159ezinka \u2013 v m\u00edst\u011b, kde je rozpt\u00fdlen popel v\u00edce ne\u017e milionu ob\u011bt\u00ed holocaustu \u2013 setk\u00e1me s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159edstaviteli st\u00e1t\u016f a vl\u00e1d cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Doprov\u00e1zet n\u00e1s budou st\u0159\u00edbrovlas\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed. K 75. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed symbolick\u00e9ho ukon\u010den\u00ed vyvra\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed pod\u00e1me sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o pravd\u011b. Spole\u010dn\u011b budeme apelovat na m\u00edr, spravedlnost a \u00factu mezi n\u00e1rody.\nNa v\u011b\u010dnou pam\u00e1tku zavra\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdm v koncentra\u010dn\u00edm t\u00e1bo\u0159e v Osv\u011btimi a na jejich po\u010dest!\nNa v\u011b\u010dnou pam\u00e1tku ob\u011btem holokaustu a na jejich po\u010dest!"},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2020\/01\/30\/pravda-ktera-nesmi-zemrit\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/andrzej_duda_fot.-Kancelaria-Prezydenta.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/andrzej_duda_fot.-Kancelaria-Prezydenta.jpg","width":1500,"height":999,"caption":"Andrzej Duda, prezident Polsk\u00e9 republiky"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/2020\/01\/30\/pravda-ktera-nesmi-zemrit\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Pravda, kter\u00e1 nesm\u00ed zem\u0159\u00edt"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/#website","url":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/","name":"Instytut Polski w Pradze","description":"Instytuty Polskie","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"pl-PL"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/#\/schema\/person\/b2616b1ced73c37295485071793a3747","name":"rohanovaj","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e3ce3a936d8c3611e66fbcc40f1fb845?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e3ce3a936d8c3611e66fbcc40f1fb845?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"rohanovaj"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/polskyinstitut","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/polinst_praha\/","https:\/\/x.com\/PLInst_Praha","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/polskyinstitut"],"url":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/author\/rohanovaj\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/869","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/58"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=869"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/869\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":873,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/869\/revisions\/873"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/870"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=869"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=869"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instytutpolski.pl\/praha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=869"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}